Library of the Museum COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGB, MASS. founded by private subscription, in 1861. Deposited by ALEX. AGASSIZ. No. LoS h. Rusk Ser 90,16: q 7) tre bc ee ee (NESS | GOV pe eg) ae PA AE WAS Tale ae Goran ty JAS 4, /S7 40. Mies Lt /S- (7, ab4A, 288. ty PLE. ee eed iz, | ‘A A ie A Beh cl Yd-), fb eres Wege JRE AY, 36. San / JES. OW ieee i le Zi J /ES6, Ad, 7, Yd. | Zh j, (E76. fear 2 | jg JEL6, Alt, $3. | bbe, ASONS: aia als, & | Bar, [ES | /f, POM 7 em (E07. Nee es | Aha. 1 /P17 ® 428, 37H B78. VMAS VASE Came it cSenes iy / eas Vs i BA ee. fA, 244, 27, 34,35 876 ys SE 75 (2) 4 LE, (remerty) PPM I treteno ne nan iene | HY Ley a | nye UO “eon rai roma ihe . wr OT a aL NY eV NT w Ph Rs ah Seon te: | eon Ahan! hy Phaaiers l9 renee icinyed ” * Pry ae’ SAMO 9,8 4: gk eh ys if MALACOSTRACA PODOPHTHALMATA BRITANNIA; DESCRIPTIONS OF SUCH BRITISH SPECIES OF THE LINNEAN GENUS Cancer AS HAVE THEIR EYES ELEVATED ON FOOTSTALKS. BY WILLIAM ELFORD LEACH, M.D. F.L.S. & W.S. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh; of the Royal College of Surgeons, and of the Medico. Chirurgical Society of London, &c. ILLUSTRATED WITH FIGURES OF ALL THE SPECIES, BY JAMES SOWERBY, F. L.S. G. S. & Ww.S. &e. Veniet Tempus quo ista, que nunc latent, in lucem dies extrahet. inns London : PRINTED BY B. MEREDITH, SILVER STREET, WOOD STREET 5 PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY JAMES SOWERBY, 2, MEAD PLACE, LAMBETH, 1815. AUT EO Tad aa eerie ie eM M eats) 4 > : . “hk wis "' 0 re: \ i Pay ea : AGIAN, TILIAAT AD ¥ LIST OF PLATES IN THE MALACOSTRACA PODOPHTHALMA., 1 Corystes cassivelaunus. II. Atelecyclus heterodon. Ill. Pirimela denticulata. IV. Portumnus variegatus. Vv. Carcinus meenas. VI. Portunus puber. VII. Portunus corrugatus, Fig. 1, 1,2 + emarginatus ,, 3, 4. 5, 6 =) arcuatus o VIII. Portunus marmoreus. IX. Portunus depurator, Fig. 1, 2. = lividus x Ch Ee 3 pusillus ,, 5-8. EX a* Portunus longipes, Fig. 1-3. Thia polita » 4-6. IX. 6. Polybius Henslowii. Xx. Cancer pagurus. > New Plates marked thus * xe Xantho florida. XII. Pilumnus hirtellus. XIII. Gonoplax bispinosa. XIV. Pinnotheres pisum, Fig. 1-3 - Cranchii ,, 4, 5. 5 Latreillei ,, 6-8. "5 varians ,, 9-11. EXaVis Pinnotheres veterum, Fig. 1-5. Montagui ,, 6-8. XVI. Megalopa Montagui, Fig. 1-6. 5 armata 4-9 XVII. Eurynome aspera. XVIII. Maia squinado. XIX. Pisa Gibbsi. XX, Pisa tetraodon. XKXI. a. Hyas araneus. XXI, 6. Hyas coarctatus. XXII. Tnachus Dorsettianus, Fig. 1-6. a Dorvichtishy ese dae- XXII. 6. Tnachus leptocheirus. XXII. ec. Acheus Cranchii. XXIII. Macropodia tenuirostris, Fig. 1-5. f phalangium ,, 6. XXIV. Lithodes maia. XXIV. a.* Dromia Mediterranea. XXYV. Ebalia Pennanti, Fig. 1-6. 5) .Cranchitge,.ne4-lle » bryeri ay ASS XXVI. Pagurus streblonyx, Fig. 1-4. » LPrideauxi ,, 5,6. XXVIL* Planes Linnexana, Fig. 1-3. Porcellana platycheles, Fig. 8. os longicornis ,, 4-7. XXVIII. a. Galathza squamifera. XXVIII. 6. Galathea spinigera. XXIX. Galathea rugosa. xxx. Palinurus vulgaris. XXXI. Gebia stellata, Fig. 1-8. » deltura ,, 9, 10. XXXII. Callianassa subterranea. XXXII. Axius stirynchus. XXXIV.* Potamobius astacus, Fig. 1. Scyllarus arctus » 2-5. KXXYV. Astacus gammarus. XXXVI. Nephrops Norvegicus. XXXVII. a. Pontophilus spinosus. XXXVII. 6. Crangon vulgaris. SXOXOXGV AI c.% = Crangon fasciatus, Fig. 1. Alpheus ruber a oh Pasiphea sivado ,, 3. Mysis spinulosus ,, 4-6. » integer aH Ucist XXXVIII. Hippolyte Prideauxiana, Fig. 1, 3-5. » Moorii as 2. 5 varians » 6-16. A Cranchii a Lse20: XXXIX. Hippolyte Sowerbeei. XL. Pandalus annulicornis. Xo Processa canaliculata. XLIl. Penneus trisulcatus. XLII. Palemon serratus, Fig. 1-10. » squilla ,, 11-13. » varians ,, 14-16. XLIV. Athanas nitescens. XLV.* Squilla mantis, Fig. 1-3. » Desmarestii ,, 4. GENERIC AND SPECIFIC INDEX TO THE MALACOSTRACA PODOPHTHALMA. Acgzxus Cranchii ALpPH#£us ruber Asracus gammarus vulgaris marinus AtELEcycius Heterodon septemdentatus . ATHANAS nitescens Axtus styrinchus CALLIANAssA subterranea CANCER pagurus CaRcINuUS meenas CorysTEs cassivelaunus dentata longimane personatus . Cranogon fasciatus vulgaris Dromia Mediterranea Rumphii Exzatta Bryerii ‘ Cranchii 2 Pennantii tuberosa EvRYNOME aspera GataTHEsa Bamfii longipeda . rugosa squamifera spinigera Gepia stellata deltura Gonopiax bispinosa . Hrerotyte Cranchii . Moorii Prideauxiana Sowerbei . varians XXII. c. XXVII. c. 2 XXXV. XXXV. XXXV. II. ik XLIV. XXXIII. XXXII. xX. We Te iL, I. I. XXXVITI. ¢. 1 XXXVII. 3. XXIV. a. XXIV. a. XXYV. 12-13 RXV. 7-11 XXYV. 1-6 XXV. 1-6 XVII. XXIX. XXIX. XXIX. XORGVALMTE Au XXVIII. z. XXXI. 1-8 XXXTI. 9, 10 XT. XXX VIII. 17-21 XXXVIIL. 2 XXX VIII. 1, 3-5 XXXIX. XXXVIII. 6-16 Hyas araneus bufo coarctatus Inacuvus Dorsettianus dorynchus maja scorpio . leptochierus . LitHovEs arctica horridus maja Macropop1a longirostris phalangium tenuirostris Macrovvs longirostris Mata squinado spinosa . Mreatopa armata Montagui rhomboidalis Mysts chameleon integer Leachit Nepurors Norvegicus PaLEMON serratus squilla varians Paaurus Bernhardi Prideauxi streblonyx PanDALvs annulicornis Patmnurvus Homarus . vulgaris Pastrpnxa Savignyi sivado Peyavs trisuleatus Pritumyvts hirtellus XXT. a. XXI, a. XXI. B. XXII. 1-6 XXII. 7,8 XXIV. XXII. 1-6 XXII. B. XXTYV. XXIV. XXIV. XXIII 6 XXIII. 6 XXIII. 1-5 XXIII. 6 XVIII. XVIII. XVI. 7-9 XVI. 1-6 XVI. 1-6 XXVII. ec. 4-6 XXXVI. c. 7,8 XXXVII. c. 4-6 XXXVI. XLIII. 1-10 XIII. 11-13 XIII. 14-16 XXVI. 1-4 XXVI. 5,6 XXVI. 1-4 XL. XXX. XXX. . -XXXVII..¢. 3 XXXVII. ¢. 8 XLIL. XII. Pranes Linneana minutus Prrimeta denticulata . PiynotHeEres Cranchii Latreillei minutus modioli Montagui my tilorum pine . pisum . varians veterum Pisa biaculeata gibbsii tetraodon Potyzius Henslowii PONTOPHILUS spinosus Porcrtnana Leachii . Linneana longicornis platycheles Porrumnus latipes lysianassa XXVII. 1-3. OIE 18} III. XIV. 4, 5 XIV. 6-8 XIV. 9-11 XV. 6-8 XV. 6-8 XIV. 6-8 NOVe=5 XIV. 1-3 XIV. 9-11 XV. 1-5 D4 D.¢ XIX. XX. IX. B. XXXVII. a. XXVII. 4-7 XXVII. 4-7 XXVII. 4-7 XXVII. 8 Ny. IV. PorTUMNUS variegatus Portunvs arcuatus corrugatus depurator . emarginatus lividus longipes marmoreus puber velutinus PoTaMoBius astacus . Sluviatilis Processa canaliculata ScyLLaRus arctus spinulosus vulgaris SquitLa Desmarestii . mantis Tura Blainvillet polita residuus Xanrtuo florida incisa IV. WAU 5%, Vile ID: IB VII. 3, 4 IX. 3, 4 IDGyya VIII. Wik var XXXIV. 1 XXXIV. 1 XLI. XXXIV. 2-5 XXXVII. c. XXXVIL. c. XLV. 4 XLV. 1-8 IX. a. 4-6 IX. a. 4-6 IX. a. 4-6 XI. XI 4.6 7,8 CORYSTES. CORYSTES. Latreilie, Leach, Lamarck. ALBUNEA. Fabdricii, Bosc. CANCER. Pennant, Herbst. Antenne extcriores corpore longiores, setacee, utrinque ciliate ; segmento tertio ex articulis eloneatis, cvlindricis efformato. rni caulis interni articulo secundo (primo longiore) augusto, apice angus- nm: “At aKED latere interno laté emarginato. a iticum majus equale, didactylum, digitis deflexis; maris corpore duplo RY eae ndricum, manu gradatim subcrassiore, subcompressd ; FEMINE corporis 4 U Y . . . oe. . . . . _ 4 / ; iu compressa: paria reliqua tibiis tarsisque longitudine subaqualibus, 3 tis, rectis, acutis, longitudinalitér sulcatis instructa. ey, Dei en eee es mes, / 5/626, | ey , culatum; articulo primo transverso-linéari ; secundo longiore utrinque nducto ; tertio wqualitér subquadrato; quarto precedente angustiore, ’ quinto angustiore, subtriangulari apice rotundato : iculatum ; articulis sex primis transversis anticé arcuatis ; septimo trian- Je ¥ %~ ice’rotundato. anticé subrostrata, posticé truncata, marginata: orbita superneé fissura una. ivi haud crassiores. @ longer than the body, setaceous, ciliated on each side: the third segment e, cylindric joints. External double féetpalpes, with the second joint of the nger than the first), narrow, its point more slender and rounded ; its internal Legs ten: anterior pair largest, unequal, didactyle, with deflexed fingers ; he length of the body, subcylindric ; the hand gradually somewhat thicker, and subcompressed : of the rematy the length of the body; hand compressed: other legs with the tibia and tarsi of subequal length: claws clongate, straight, sharp, longitudinally sulcated. Abdomen of the mae five-jointed: first joint transverse-linear; second longer, produced on each side behind; third equally subquadrate; fourth narrower than the third, transverse ; fifth narrower, subtriangular; the apex rounded: of the FEMALE seven-jointed ; six first joints transverse anteriorly arcuated; seventh triangular, its apex rounded. Shell oblong-ovate, anteriorly subrostrated, behind truncate, margined: orbit above with one fissure. Eyes not thicker than their peduncles, which bend backward. One species only of this genus, has hitherto been noticed by naturalists, and of its economy and mode of life nothing is known. Pranes Linneana minutus PrrimeEta denticulata . PinnoTHeEreEs Cranchii Latreillei minutus modioli Montagui mytilorum pine . pisum . varians veterum Pisa biaculeata gibbsii tetraodon Poryeius Henslowii PONTOPHILUS spinosus Porcettana Leachit . Linneana longicornis platycheles Porrumnts latipes lysianassa XXVILI. 1-3. XXVII. 1-3 DL XIV. 4, 5 XIV. 6-8 XIV. 9-11 XV. 6-8 XV. 6-8 XIV. 6-8 XV. 1-5 XIV. 1-3 XIV. 9-11 XV. 1-5 XIX. XIX. XX. EXSeB! XXXYVII. a. XXVII. 4-7 XXVII. 4-7 XXVII. 4-7 XXVII. 8 TN TaVi PoRTUMNUS variegatus PortTUNUS arcuatus corrugatus depurator . emarginatus lividus longipes marmoreus puber velutinus PoOTAMOBIUS astacus . Jluviatilis Processa canaliculata ScyLLaRus arctus spinulosus vulgaris Seuvi~LA Desmarestii . mantis Tura Blainvillet pohta residuus Xanruo florida incisa TV. Wall, & Wile IDG i, VII. 3, 4 IX. 3, 4 IDG ASA VIII. VI. VL XXXIV. 1 CORYSTES. CORYSTES. Latreilie, Leach, Lamarck. ALBUNEA. Fabdricii, Bosc. CANCER. Pennant, Herbst. Antenne extcriores corpore longiores, setacew, utrinque ciliate ; segmento tertio ex articulis elongatis, cylindricis efformato. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo (primo longiore) augusto, apice angus- tiore rotundato, latere interno laté emarginato. Pedes decem: par anticum majus equale, didactylum, digitis deflexis; Maris corpore duplo longius, subcylindricum, manu gradatim subcrassiore, subcompressé ; FEMINE corporis longitudine manu compressa: paria reliqua tibiis tarsisque longitudine subequalibus, unguibus elongatis, rectis, acutis, longitudinalitér sulcatis instructa. Abdomen Maris 5-articulatum ; articulo primo transyerso-linéari ; secundo longiore utrinque posticé producto ; tertio wxqualitér subquadrato; quarto precedente angustiore, transverso ; quinto angustiore, subtriangulari apice rotundato : FEMIN# 7-articulatum ; articulis sex primis transversis anticé arcuatis ; septimo trian- gulari, apice rotundato. Testa oblongo-ovata anticé subrostrata, posticé truncata, marginata: orbita superné fissura una. Oculi pedunculo reclivi haud crassiores. Exterior antenné longer than the body, setaceous, ciliated on each side: the third segment composed of elongate, cylindric joints. Eternal double féetpalpes, with the second joint of the internal footstalk (longer than the first), narrow, its point more slender and rounded ; its internal side broadly notched. Zegs ten: anterior pair largest, unequal, didactyle, with deflexed fingers ; of the mate double the length of the body, subcylindric ; the hand gradually somewhat thicker, and subcompressed : of the remAxe the length of the body; hand compressed : other legs with the tibiz and tarsi of subequal length: claws elongate, straight, sharp, longitudinally sulcated. Abdomen of the mare five-jointed: first joint transverse-linear; second longer, produced on each side behind; third equally subquadrate; fourth narrower than the third, transverse; fifth narrower, subtriangular ; the apex rounded: of the FEMALE seven-jointed; six first joints transverse anteriorly arcuated; seventh triangular, its apex rounded. Shell oblong-ovate, anteriorly subrostrated, behind truncate, margined: orbit above with one fissure. Eyes not thicker than their peduncles, which bend backward. One species only of this genus, has hitherto been noticed by naturalists, and of its economy and mode of life nothing is known. CORYSTES CASSIVELAUNUS. Tas. I. C. testa granulari posticeé subcrenulata; fronte bifido ; lateribus tridentatis Cancer Cassivelaunus. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 6. tab.'7. mas. et fem. Herbst. i. 195. tab. 12. fig. 72. mas. Cancer personatus. Herbst. i. 193. tab. 12. fig. 71. fem. Albunea dentata. Fabr. Suppl. Ent. Syst. 398. Corystes longimane. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Insect. vi. 122. mas. Corystes dentatus. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect. i. 40. . Corystes Cassivelaunus. Leach, Edinb. Encyl. vii. 395. Trans Linn. Soc. xi. 311. Fig. 1, mas. 2, maris abdomen ampl. 3, Feminz abdomen auct. 4, Femina. 5, Pedi- palpus geminus externus. On most of the sandy coasts of Great Britain, Corystes Cassivelaunus occurs in great — abundance, especially after storms or gales of wind that have been tending towards the shore. By Herbst the sexes of this animal were considered as distinct species, and Latreille, in the sixth volume of his “ Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés et des Insectes,” entertained the same opinion, which he has since corrected in his “ Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum.”’ Yat Ih ATELECY CLUS. ATELECYCLUS. Leach. CANCER (Hippa). Moniagu. Antenne exteriores corporis dimidio longiores, setacew, utrinque ciliate ; segmento tertio ex. articulis elongatis cylindricis effecto. Pedipalpt gemini externi, caulis interni articulo secundo breviore’ad apicem internum producto et ad latus internum apicem versus emarginato. Pedes decem, par anticum majus, equale, didactylum, digitis deflexis ; Maris corpore longius manu compressé; FEMIN& corporis longitudine manu compressa: paria reliqua tibiis tarsisque longitudine equalibus, unguibus rectis, elongatis, quadratis, longitudinaliter sulcatis, ad apices teretibus, acutis, nudis (postices obscuré subcompressis. ) Abdomen Maris 5-articulatum; articulo primo transyerso-lineari; secundo duplo longiore ; tertio valdé elongato, apicem versus angustiore, apice subrecto ; quarto subquadrato, angulis anticis productis ; quinto lageniforme, apice acutissimo: Femin# articulis 1, 2, 3, 4 et 5 transversis longitudine vix diversis; articulo sexto transyerso-quadrato anticé emarginato; articulo ultimo elongato-subtriangulari pos- ticé subproducto. Testa subcircularis lateribus sensim posticé in angulum convergentibus posticé truncata et granulari-marginata; orbita posticé externé fissuris duabus, inferné externé fissura una. Oculi pedunculo angustiores. External antenne longer than half of the body, setaceous, ciliated on each side; the third segment composed of elongate cylindric joints. External double feetpatpes, with the second joint of their internal footstalk shorter than the first, produced at its interior apex, and towards its internal side notched. Legs ten: anterior pair largest, didactyle; fingers deflexed : of the MALE longer than the body with the hand compressed: of the remax of the length of the body with a compressed hand: other legs with their tibia and tarsi of equal length ; claws straight, elongate, quadrate, longitudinally sulcated ; their joints rounded, naked, sharp, hinder ones obscurely subcompressed. Abdomen of the mate five-jointed : first joint transyerse-linear ; second twice as long; third very long, narrower towards its extremity, apex nearly strait ; fourth nearly quadrate, the anterior angles produced ; fifth flask-shaped, its point very sharp : of the remAxeE with the first five joints transverse and scarcely differing in length; sixth joint transyerse-quadrate anteriorly notched ; seventh joint elongate-subtriangular,. slightly produced behind. Shell subcircular, the sides gradually converging into an angle behind; posterior margin truncate, and granulate-margined ; orbit behind externally, with two fissures, below externally, with one fissure. Eyes narrower than their peduncles. ATELECYCLUS HETERODON. Tas. IT, A. testa granulata, fronte tridentata, dentibus denticulatis, medio longiore; lateribus dentatis, dentibus inequalibus margine subdenticulatis ; manibus granulatis, granulis nonnullis majoribus in lineis digestis. — Cancer (Hippa) septem-dentatus. Montagu Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. tab. i. fig. i. Atelecyclus septem-dentatus. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 430. — Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 313. Fig. 1, mas. 2, maris abdomen amplif. 3, femine abdomenauct. 4, femina. 5, pedipalpus geminus externus. Zoologists are indebted to the late Montagu for the discovery of this species, which is found in great plenty along the southern coast of Devonshire, in deep water ; and is occasionally also found thrown on the shore after long continued storms. Females are extremely rare, two full-grown specimens only having been observed amongst several hundreds of the male, and these were found by Mr. C. Prideaux and Mr. J. Cranch. I have received the young of this species from Mr. Stephenson, of Edinburgh, who obtained them from the Bell Rock. The legs and arms are beautifully ciliated with testaceous hair, which gives to the animal a very handsome appearance. ecb Nl. PIRIMELA. CANCER. Montagu. Antenne externe elongate, setacee ad oculorum canthum internum inserte : interne in foveolis obliquis reponende. Pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno articulo secundo quadrato, ad apicem internum truncato- subemarginato palpigero. Pedum par anticum equale, didactylum ; paria alia ambulatoria, subcompressa : wngwes acuti. Abdomen Maris 5, Famine 7-articulatum. Testa subtransversa, margine antico in lineam subsemicircularem arcuato ; orbita supra ac infra fissuraé unica. Oculi pedunculo subcrassiores. Obs. Mas abdomine articulo quarto quadrato. —— External antenne elongate, setaceous, inserted at the internal corner of the eyes ; internal antenne placed in oblique excavations. External double pedipalpes with the second joint of their internal footstalks, having the internal apex truncate-emarginate for the insertion of the palpes. Anterior pair of legs unequal, didactyle; the other pairs formed for walking, sub- compressed ; claws sharp. Abdomen of the Mare with five, of the Femare with sev enjoints. Shell somewhat transverse, the anterior margin bent in a semicircular line ; orbit above and below with one fissure. Eyes somewhat thicker than their peduncles. This Genus is distinguished from Carcinus, to which it makes the nearest approach, by having the four hinder pair of legs equally compressed, by the greater length of its antenne, and by the form of the fourth segment of the abdomen of the male. PIRIMELA DENTICULATA. Tas. III. P. testa levi tuberculata, lateribus utrinque 5-dentatis, orbita posticé 2-dentata ; dente ante- riore majore, fronte 3-dentato ; dente medio longiore. Cancer denticulatus. Montagu Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 87. Tab. 2. fig. 2. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 391. Fig. 1, Mas. 2, Maris abdomen. 3, Femina. 4, Femine abdomen. 5, Pedipalpus. 6, Antenna externa. 7, Antenna interna. ee Montagu first described this beautiful little crab from a specimen sent him from the Sandwich coast, by Mr. Boys. Donoyan has in his Museum a specimen from the Scottish shores, from whence I also have received a fragment. Dead examples were found at Bantham on the South coast of Devon, bv C. Prideaux, Esq. who, with his usual liberality, supplied my cabinet with a fine series, exhi- biting considerable variation in colour ; but the finest individual that I have seen, and which is figured in the adjoining plate, was found amongst the rubbish of some Trawl-fishers, at Tor- quay, by that accurate observer of nature, Dr. Goodall Provost of Eton, who gave it to me with a number of other marine productions, that now enrich my cabinet, SalI PORTUMNUS. CANCER latipes, Planct. CANCER, Pennant. PORTUMNUS, Leach. Antenne externe setacee articulis duobus primis majoribus, in oculorum cantho interno inserta. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo ad latus internum emarginato pro inser- tione palpi triarticulati, elongato-subconici. Pedum par anticum majus, equale didactylum ; paria 2, 3, et 4 compressa unguibus compressis, sulcatis interneque basin versus dilatatis instructa; par quintum compressum ungue foliaceo, sublanceolato. Abdomen Maris 5-articulatum articulis tertio longiore, quarto elongato*: Femine 7-articula- tum articulo ultimo precedente haud abrupte angustiore. Teste margo anticus arcuatus, semicircularis lateribus sensim postice in angulum conver- gentibus, apice subtruncato; diametro longitudinali transversum equante; orbita integra, angulo interno imperfecto. Oculi pedunculo mediocri haud crassiores. External antenne setaceous, with the two first segments largest, inserted at the internal corner of the eye. Second joint of the internal footstalk of the exterral double palpes with the internal side notched for the insertion of the elongate-conic palpes, which are composed of three jeints. Anterior pair of legs largest, didactyle, and equal in size; second, third, and fourth pairs compressed, furnished with compressed, longitudinally grooved claws, which are dilated internally towards their base; fifth pair compressed with a foliaceous somewhat-lanceolate claw. Abdomen of the male five-j ointed, the third segment longest, the fourth elongate; of the female seven-jointed, the last segment not abruptly narrower than the sixth. Anterior margin of the shell semicircular, with the sides gradually converging to an angle behind; the apex truncate ; the transverse diameter not exceeding the longitudinal; orbit entire, with the internal angle imperfect. Eyes not thicker than their footstalk, which is short. The genus Portummus is distinguished from Portunus by having equal sized fore legs; by having all the claws compressed ; by the proportion of the first joint of the abdomen in the male, and the seventh in the female; by the form of the shell; the entire orbits, and more slender eyes. ¥rom the more compressed form of the legs it has doubtless a much greater facility of swimming in the ocean. * In Carcinis, Portunis transverso. PORTUMNUS VARIEGATUS. Tas. IV. P. testa obscure subgranulata, utrinque 5-dentata dentibus 2 et 3 subobsoletioribus; fronte 3-dentata; carpis interne unidentatis. Cancer Jatipes variegatus. Planch. de Conch. min. notis. p. 34. tab. TIL. fig. 7. B. C. mas. Cancer latipes. Penn. Brit. Zool. IV. p. 3. tab. 1. fig. 4. mas. Herbst 1. p. 267. tab. XX1. fig. 126. Cancer Lysianassa. Herbst tab. LIV. jig. 6? Portumnus variegatus. Leach Edin. Encycl. 7. 391. Habitat littora maris passim sub arena latitans. Fig. 1, mas. 2, maris abdomen. 3, pedipalpus geminus externus auctus. 4, antenna externa auct. 5, femina. 6, femine abdomen. Portumnus variegatus is one of the most beautiful as it is the most common species of the Malacostracous animals that inhabit our coasts; it is taken by digging beneath the sand at low water mark, and is found thrown on all the sandy shores of Great Britain in great abundance, especially during storms. The very fine specimens represented in the annexed plate were given to me by my indefati- gable friend, C. Prideaux, Esq. along with a vast number of rare and curious Crustacea, taken by himself on the southern coast of Devonshire. Fal: WW. . CARCINUS. CANCER, Auctorum, CARCINUS, Leach. Antenne externe setacex articulis duobus primis majoribus, in oculorum cantho interno inserte Pedipalpi externi apice interiore truncato-emarginati. > © i? i 1 , ‘ . - Pedum par anticum inequale, didactylum, manibus externé glabris: paria 2, 3 et 4 subcom- pressa, unguibus quadratis longitudinaliter sulcatis: par quintum compressum, subnatato- rium, ungue compresso. Abdomen Manis 5-articulatum, articulo quarto transverso precedente vix angustiore: Fammn 7-articulatum. Testa diametno taankerse aaa utrinque 5-dentata, margine antico semicirculari, orbita posticé et inferné unifissa, cantho interno imperfecto. Oculi pedunculo angustiores. External antennz setaceous, with the two first joints longest, inserted in the internal angle of the orbit. External pedipalpes with their internal apex truncate-emarginate. Anterior pair of legs unequal didactyle, their hands externally smooth ; second, third, and fourth pairs slightly compressed, with quadrate claws longitudinally sulcated: fifth pair compressed, with compressed claws. Abdomen of the male five-jointed, the fourth joint transverse, scarcely narrower than the preceding joint; of the female seven-jointed. Shell rather broader than long, with five dentations on each side, the front margin semicircular: orbit behind and beneath with one fissure, the internal canthus imperfect. Eyes narrower than their peduncles. One species only of this Genus is known. CARCINUS MANAS. Tas. V.. C. testa granulari, fronte trilobato: lobo medio sublongiore. Cancer Meenas. Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. 1. 1043. Fn. Sv. 2026. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 3. tab. 3. fig. 5. Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 450. 41.—Suppl. 334. 3. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect. 1. 30. 2. Portunus Menas. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 390. Carcinus Menas. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 429. — Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 514. Encycel. Britann. Suppl. 1. 410. Fig. 1. Carcinus Meenas mas. 2. maris abdomen. 3. ramina. 4. raimin® abdomen. 5. Antennaexterna. 6. Pedipalpus externus. 7, Carcinus Meenas, junior. This very common species inhabits all the estuaries and rocky shores of Great Britain, lurking beneath stones and tangle or burrowing in the sand. It is sent to London in immense quantities, andis eaten by the poor, who esteem it a great delicacy. The young or fry, are frequently mottled or bordered with white, and in this state the front of the shell is entire, butthis part becomes gradually more lobed as the animal increases in size, and old specimens are rarely found without the rudiments of the lobes. The colour of the adult is generally similar to that given in the annexed plate, but is some- times of a pale green more or less mottled with a darker teint, which has probably given rise to the supposition of the existence of several species. Tab. V. PORTUN vUS. PORTUNUS. Daid., Fabr., Lam., Bosc, Latr. CANCER. Linn., Penn, &c. ‘ Antenne extcrne setacex articulis duobus primis majoribus, in oculorum cantho interno imserte. Pedipalporum geminorum exiernorum caulis interai articulus secundus ad apicem internum trun- catus, aut ad internum latus emarginatus pro insertione palpi triarticulati, elongato- subconici. Pedum par anticum majus, inequale, didactylum, manibus externe elevato-lineatis ; paria 2, 3, et . 4 unguibus elongatis, qradrangulatis, acutis, longitudinaliter sulcatis; par quintum tarsis unguibusque foliaceis, natatoriis. , ? Abdomen maris 5-articulatum, segmento antepenultimo longiore basi ultrinque abrupte ial 2 Fenix 7-articulatum, articulo ultimo precedente abrupte angustiore. Teste margo anticus arcuatus, semicireularis lateribus (sepius 35-dentatis) sensim postice in angulum convergentibus, apiece subtruncato; diametro transverso majore; orbita postice externe bifissa, subtus externe unifissa, angulo interno imperfecto aut subimperfecto. Oculi pedunculo brevi crassiores. GENERIS DIVISIONES. * Ungues postici linea longitudinali elgeata. Pedipalpi gemini exrterni caulis interni articulo secundo ad apicem internum truncato. : a. Orbita interne ad antennarum inseriionem imperfecta ; carpi bidentati. b. Ordita interne subimperfecta: carpi unidentati. . *=* Ungues postici ecostati. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo ad latus internum emarginato. (Orbita interne sub antennarum externarum insertione imperfecta. Carpi, unidentati ). . External antenne setaceous, with the two first segments largest. inserted at the internal corner of the eye. Second joint of the internal footstalk of the external double palpes, with the internal apex truncate, or with the internal side notched for the insertion of the elongate-conic . palpes, which are composed of three joints. Anterior pair of legs largest, didactyle, and unequal in size, the hands with elevated longitudinal lines; the second, third, and fourth pair with elongate, acute, four-sided longitudinally grooved claws; the fifth pair with the tarsi and claws compressed and formed for swimming. Abdomen or flap of the male five-jointed, the middle segment longest with the base on each side abruptly produced; flap of the female seven jointed, the last joint abruptly narrower than the sixth. Anterior margin of the shell semicir- cular with the sides (armed with five teeth in the indigenous species) gradually converging into an angle behind, the apex truncate, the transverse diameter greatest: orbit of the eyes externally behind with two fissures, below externally with one fissure, the internal corner more or less imperfect. Eyes thicker than their footstalk, which is short. DIVISIONS OF THE GENUS. * Hinder claws with a longitudinal elevated line. Second joint of the internal footstalk of the external double palpes with the internal apex truncate. a. Orbit internally at the insertion of the antenne imperfect: wrists bidentate. b. Orbit internally slightly imperfect: wrists unidentate. ** Hinder claws without an elevated line. External double palpes with the second joint of ihe internat footstalk notched at the internal side. (Orbit internally, under the insertion of the external antenne, imperfect: wrists with one tooth). The Portuni, which are commonly named by our Fishermen flying or flat-footed Crabs, have the power of swimming in the ocean; they effect this by means of their flat hinder legs, which serve the purposes of fins. Some of the species, especially those of the first division, Srequent rocky coasts, and are to be found at low tide lurking under stones, whilst those of the second division inhabit sandy coasts, approaching the shores only at certain seasons of the year. Af? PORTUNUS PUBER. Pape V I. P. («. a.) antennis corporis dimidio longioribus, testé pubescente, fronte multidentato. Cancer puber. Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. 1046. Cancer velutinus. Penn. Brit. Zool.iv.5. Pl. 4. fig. 8. Portunus puber. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Insect. vi. 10. Gen. Crust. et Insect. i. 27. 3. Leach Edinb. Encyel. vii. 390. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 315. Fig. 1. Portunus puber mas. mag. nat. 2. Pedipalpus externus. Portunus puber is found in great plenty all along the South-Western coast of Devonshire, and is called Velvet Crab by the fishermen. It is used in France as an article of food, and is for that purpose taken in very large quantities. When living the colours are very vivid, as as represented in the plate. hausnoct to sigs eee: din atau | a rel | pootto “lgiten ea we anit i Saar al i Fj Ae Ral a aie ult Reali oa PORTUNUS CORRUGATUS. Tas. VILL.---Fig. 1---2. P. («. b.) testa convexa lineis transversis serrato-granulatis ciliatis utrinque 5-dentata: dentibus tribus posticis acutioribus, fronte trilobo ; lobis subgranulato-serratis ; medio majore sub- acuminato : manibus supra uni-dentatis : unguibus posticis apice acutis. Cancer corrugatus. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 5. Pl. 5. fig. 9. Herbst. Tab. 7, fig. 50. Portunus corrugatus. Bosc. Hist. Nat. des crust. i. 217. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 390. — Trans. Tinn. Soc. xi. 315. Fig. 1. P. corrugatus mas. 2 Pedipalpus. Pennant discovered this species on the shores of Skie, opposite to Loch Jurn, and 1 have received young specimens from Mr. C. Prideaux, who caught them in the Plymouth Sound. The fissure in the under part of the orbit is wide ; in the two following species the sides of the fissure meet together. a PORTUNUS EMARGINATUS. Fig. 3---4. P. (x. b.) testa convexiore lineis abbreviatis e granulis compositis, dentibus quinque utrinque, penultimo minore; fronte emarginato: manibus supra uni-dentatis: unguibus posticis acutis. Portunus emarginatus. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 390. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 316. Fig. 3. Portunus emarginatus. 4. Femine abdomen. This species inhabits the South-Western coast of Devon, but is extremely rare. I have once received it from Mr. Gibbs. PORTUNUS ARCUATUS. Fig. 5---6. P. («. b.) testa convexiore lineis abbreviatis e granulis compositis, dentibus utrinque quinque, penultimo minore; fronte arcuato integro; manibus supra uni-dentatis; unguibus posticis acutis. Portunus arcuatus. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 390. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 316. Fig. 5. Portunus arcuatus. 6. Maris abdomen. P. arcuatus differs from P. emarginatus only in the form of the anterior part of the shell, and may be nomore thana variety of that species. It inhabits the northern and western coasts of England. Sab VIE poly eurt ‘ a : aa f iu : “4 a SATIAOMAAM. POY UPROT amv st jile pds totaly mrovesn wid ene . pis ag eiditash ‘ehgpit folder oy wlneny. ; pibehesitiner ‘oe At. Hee ews iare taceiahe, exes) ae chiehy & vac Ferd bene tiluton euusinerg € a nt frost en elit » a ; KE Tiny otsfoado xornes Mate ~ Pie eit lBtve holds eek W a0lti> b : Ex) . 7) 4 ss = ys » . é ; ; Me . : j= ‘ ” ‘ % = . ‘ . ~ o - PORTUNUS MARMOREUS. Tas. VIET. P. (**) Testa convexa obsolete et tenuiter granulata, utrinque dentibus quinque subequalibus ; fronte dentibus tribus equalibus, obtusis; manibus glabris lineis obsoletiusculis, supra unidentatis ; tarsis posticis apice acutioribus. Caneer pinnatus marmoreus. Montagu mss. Fig. 1, mas. 2, maris abdomen. 3, femina, 4, abdomen femine. 5, pedipalpus externus geminus paululum amplificatus. 6, antenna externa aucta. MARBLED PORTUNUS. Shell convex obsolete and slightly granulated, with five nearly equal sized teeth on each side; front with three equal, obtuse teeth; hands smooth with obsolete lines, above unidentate ; hinder tarsi with their points acute: color whitish elegantly marbled with reddish. This very beautiful species, which derives its name from its color, was discovered by G. Montagu, Esq. who very kindly sent me specimens for description. It is not uncommon on the sandy shores of the Southern coast of Devon, from Torcross to the mouth of the river Ex, and is frequently found entangled in the shore nets of the Fishermen, or thrown on the shore after heavy gales of wind. The rounded form of the dentations between the eyes, the very slight elevation of the lines on the hands, the convexity, remarkable smoothness and marbled appearance of the shell, at once distinguish this from any other species of the genus with which I am acquainted. Young specimens are plain brown, and much resemble the fry of Portunus depurator, from which they may be easily separated by their more considerable convexity. Full-grown specimens are subject to some variation in color and markings, as may be seen in the annexed plate, where the two extremes are depicted. The second and third joint of the abdomen is in both sexes transversely carinated. Jab> VIL PORTUNUS DEPURATOR. Tas. [X.---Fig. 1---2. P. (««.) testa subcomplanaté lineis elevatis et transversis abbreviatis e granulis compositis, utrinque dentibus quinque: secundo breviore: postico subremotiore: fronte dentibus tribus: medio subacutiore sublongiore, manibus supra unidentatis, tarsis posticis apice acutioribus sepé subemarginatis. Cancer depurator. Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. 1043. 23. Cancer depurator, var. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. tab. 4. fig. 6. A. Portunus depurator. Fabr. Suppl. Ent. Syst. 365. 9. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 390. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 317. Fig. 1. Portunus depurator mas mag. nat. 2. maris abdomen. The sculpture of the shell of P. depurator, whichis by far the most common species that inhabits the British Coast, varies considerably in degree. The second and third joints of the abdomen of both sexes (especially of the male) are acutely carinated transversely. The abdomen of the male is triangular; of the female broad ; the cilia which surround it being very long, the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints are broader than the two first: sides of the sixth acute ; the seventh abruptly narrower than the one before it. It is often eaten by the poor of London, PORTUNUS LIVIDUS. Fig. 3---4. P. («+.) test complanata tenué subgranulata utrinque dentibus quinque : secundo subbreviore : postico remotiore, fronte dentibus tribus acutis: medio longiore, manibus supra uniden- tatis, tarsis posticis apice abrupté productis. Cancer depurator. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. tab. 2. fig. 6. Portunus lividus. Leach Edinb. Encyel. vii. 390. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 317. Fig. 3. Portunus lividus mas. 4. maris abdomen. This species most resembles p. depurator, from which it differs in having the shell narrower behind, with the surface minutely granulated, the eyes tooare smaller and the antenne shorter. I found a single specimen amongst a number of the preceding species that were taken in the Frith of Forth, at Newhaven, and observed another in the collection of Montagu. PORTUNUS PUSILLUS. Fig. 5---8. P. («+.) testa subrugos4, fronte producta triloba, lateribus 5-dentatis: dente postico acutiore. Portunus pusillus. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 318. Fig. 5. Portunus pusillus mas. 6. Maris abdomen. 7. Femina. 8. FemiInaz abdomen. This beautiful little species is found occasionally in the Frith of Forth ; and is very common in some parts of the southern coast of Devon, where it is taken by dredging in deep water. The fingers are generally annulated with red and whitish, and the back is not unfrequently ornamented with a red streak or spot. PORTUNUS LONGIPES. Tire TX al Fre: 1. P. testa transversé subquadrata, margine antico-laterali quam posticum breviori, fronte quadrilo- bata; dentibus marginalibus acutis ; postico elevato, acutissime producto; pedibus angustis elongatis. Portunus longipes. Risso, Crust. Nice, t. 1, fig. 5. Fig. 1. Portunus longipes, mas. mag. nat. 2. Pedipalpus. 38. Femine abdomen. This species is more slender in all its parts than any others of the genus. The front of the carapace is wide and short, with five teeth on each side, the last of which is much produced. Like many other crustacea long known as Mediterranean, this Portunus has been tardily discovered as an inhabitant of our shores. THIA. THIA, Leach. CANCER, Linneus. Antenne externe subtus occuli pedunculum instructz. Pedipalpi versus foveam antennarum extensi, articulo superior magis lato quam longo. Oculi minuti, pedunculis brevissimis. Testa cordata, posticé angustata, lateraliter arcuata. Pedum par anticum breve, unguibus deflexis. Abdomen utroque sexu angusto. External antenne placed beneath the peduncle of the eye. Pedipalps extended towards the antennal pit, with upper joint broader than long. Eyes very minute, with short peduncles. Carapace heart-shaped, narrow posteriorly, arched from side to side. Anterior pair of feet short, with the fingers bent downwards. Abdomen narrow in both sexes. THIA POLITA. Prey 4—G: T. testa polita, valde arcuata, margine obsoletissime dentato, ad oculum umisulcato, posticé angustissimo, ad terminum truncato, omnino ciliato, orbitis minutissimis, oculis feré obtectis. A Pedum pari antico robusto, unguibus incurvis leviter tuberculatis, paribus alteris brevibus complanatis; ultimo brevissimo. Abdomine feminz septem-articulato. Thia polita. Leach, Zool. Mise. II. tab. CIII. Cancer residuus. Herbst. 1. t. XLVIII. fig. 1. Thia Blainvillei. Risso. Fig. 8, Thia polita, mas. 5, Maris abdomen. 5, manus. fh L Sab. asl Y10% bhi etliens v0 Son epdhope ¢hacg epdonh silgsine Bae aRhsles sa, - ltt baa be seed Plain ion hus vty bin sion sirrg sonal ’ Bihqodine sy Wh AUeloritisind ighey oni HM) Pu lnniseinns Ineige chidaiag Pedal «orate sotmeg sation (athlyteshils Saupe wilh aneiton ory wee tt eran wvnrahid ee pi Spi ti beg) G io , ‘ un .>) 2th egal fina Hits noitohdd,.” (ida |; 1a ria achat eh oyizm init endive vie af eonlua” oaeltid be bets Pai dand atitahibon .colinsian TC - At vided sun orl conild rovererten ” qt nel Rafer =i beluioj-smeae ofamat, ite Gal gucgeyrore ylecberg Myo esd din aobie elk ind spinal emviahinsa °thsthe ote Panho ¢ telonih fanitsevipnes Hl guifowss omevencdiel tbokoewy atime bated ne comer ‘Mgtem lowct gai eh + stip Mie ylinetste siipvortnd eripeelt evel Mii Mana x os waa eVrloacrpit mvs lh neil? wwynes tops of Isl OO | a ci sonal loshin Py abgso'vornil obapaid au ting sitll ho ane ! 2 7 S. 7 6 Tonal be Se ial 2 nw wine ST ait ry To tenes mnte wie Galt eh rotted gyinioll sly { enw) Her! Te Mex i pot Co er) SAMY tii exounde on rtis st Mabon ptt vs Sa oes ioe sine sro at seb! crane iodo owe sep mallcore eat Ki babe ene si mode yf-ynei%) a a v -peaearvitlalt Yo F900. si iets i sib Megtoian baalel anlio in ie nh) Yo-nalidatien off ti Pereonetty bred I. erth Haier ale» 18 ade swott noes er, ‘et Dy' ged wy dint daizaige Sidi Yo wsinio eae | 7 weet. | 7 me 2 | 5 i POLYBIUS. Antenne exlerne setacez articulis duobus primis majoribus, in oculorum cantho interno inserte. Pedipalporum geminorum externorum caulis interni articulus secundus ad latus internum prope apicem emarginatus pro insertione palpi triarticulati, elongato-subconici. Pedum par anticum majus equale didactylum, manibus externe elevato-lineatis: paria 2, 3, 4, et 5 (pari 5 prasertim) compressa foleacea natatoria. Abdomen aris 5-articulatum segmento antepenultimo longiore basi utrinque abrupté producto: FOEMINE 7-articulatum ; articulo ultimo precedente abruptée angustiore. Teste margo anticus arcuatus, semicircularis, lateribus 5-dentatis, sensim posticé in angulum convergentibus, apice subtruncato: diametro transverso submajore : orbita posticé externé bifissa, subtus externé unifissa, angulo interno imperfecto. Oculi pedunculo suo brevi crassiores. External antenne setaceous, with the two first joints largest, inserted into the internal canthus of the eyes. External double pedipalpes, with the second joint of their internal footstalk notched near its apex, for the insertion of the palpi, which are three jointed and elon- gate-conic. Anterior pair of legs equal, didactyle, the hands externally with elevated lines ; the other pairs, especially the last, compressed and formed for swimming. Abdomen of the male five-jointed ; the last joint but one longest ; its base on each side abruptly produced. That of the female seven-jointed ; the last joint abruptly narrower than the one before it. Anterior margin of the shell, semicircularly bent, its sides with five teeth, gradually converging into an angle behind, where it is truncated: its transverse, exceeding the longitudinal diameter: orbit behind externally with two fissures, beneath externally with one ; its internal angle imperfect. Pedun- cle of the eyes narrower than the eyes themselves. The only species of this genus hitherto discovered, is described below. Senne ce POLYBIUS HENSLOWIT. an, Nea, P. testa planiuscula moderatim convexiuscula obscurissimé granulata utrinque 5-dentata : dentibus brevibus latis, fronte trilobo : lobo medio angustiore. Fig. 1. Polybius Henslowii mas. 2. remrya. 3. Maris abdomen. 4. FEMINE abdomen. This species was first communicated to me by John Henslow, Esq. who found it in the net of a Herring fisher, on the Northern coast of Devon, in 1817. It was taken under similar circumstances in Pilchard-nets, off Bigbury Bay, in the South-Western coast of Devon during the same season by C. Prideaux, Esq. Lhave since received it from the Rey. Dr. Goodall, Provost of Eton, by whom it was observed in considerable plenty on the shore of Dorset opposite Portland Island, amongst the refuse from the nets of Fishermen. Since writing the above, I have observed in the collection of the Linnean Society, a spe- cimen of this species, which was taken off the coast of Spain, by the Rt. Honorable Sir Joseph Banks. 106 :1X_B. oe fi ae ‘ ; ae ah iy iv Bi : t oe c ° AY Ag! 3 a ™ Mae am . eee a ) 4 Ga : y 2 Beh As: ify my Aa sine pe ua. gr mi ry / - i th Ne re | fi heat diet. are Ln , , A fc z Brite i 9 ' ns A , 4 mn ; ‘ 7! ; y j ht } A a) f , ee ws vee! AAS! “he ) vi : “ae aH Se A ‘ . y - i » ; ’ x i ay : h { iiss . x, hs . ) f | ¥ j ¥ My : i nait f y ’ ’ ; A A fA. i 4 ite | 3 i j P 4 id Es. i 5 bal 7 hy,» aie : Pe Ree eee ae oles if yf Aa ve Lk % aad pithy a mesiek tii ape. ot tales ; : $4 Re ae a ) sell: Sa EA: ines ot now ai cat es 9 saad ra ve variety ap) He ie i* ‘ fighy. Fue , p "yet pha” ee | ; MEGALOPA. MEGALOPA. Leach. Antenne externe setacee articulis elongatis : interne setis duabus articulatis terminate ; superiore longiore. Pedipalpi externi caule interno articulis duobus primis compressis ; secundo breviore apice exteriore producto palpigero. Pedes decem ; par anticum majus didactylum ; paria alia consimilia ungue simplici instructa. Abdomen 7-articulatum. Testa elongata anticé rostro lato instructa. Oculi maximi ; peduncula oculis non angustiora, articulo secundo cylindrico. External antenne setaceous, with elongated joints: the internal ones terminated by two articulated sete, the upper of which is the longest. External pedipalpes with the two first joints of their internal footstalks compressed ; the second shortest with its internal point pro- duced and palpigerous. Legs ten ; the anterior pair largest and didactyle ; other pairs alike, terminated by a simple claw. Abdomen seven jointed. Shell elongate, the front furnished with a broad flat rostrum. Eyes very large, their peduncles not narrower than the eyes, with their second joint cylindric. MEGALOPA MONTAGUI. Tas. XVI.--- Fg. 1---6. M. rostro integro apice uni-spinoso, testa posticé inermi, coxis octo anticis spina curvata instructis. Cancer rhomboidalis. Mont. Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 84. tab. vi. fig. 1. ~ Megalopa rhomboidalis. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 431. Fig. 1. Megalopa Montagui mag. natur. 2. Eadem aucta. 3. Antenna externa amplificata. 4. Antenna interna auct. 5. Pes anticus sinister auctus. 6. Pes secundi paris ampl. Montagu discovered one specimen of this species amongst corallines on the back of Maia Squinado, on the southern coast of Devon ; and I have received from J, Bulwar, Esq. two others that were taken amongst some floating marine plants in Torbay. MEGALOPA ARMATA. Fig. 7---9. M. rostro integro apice ee testa posticé carinata ; carina in pipap acutam prodeunte, coxis quatuor anticis spina curvata instructis. Fig. 7, Megalopa armata mag. nat. 8, Eadem amplificata. 9. Pedipalpus externus auctus. The discovery of this new species is due to the indefatigable zeal of C. Prideaux, Esq. who took two specimens from a crab-pot in Bigbury Bay, South Devon. Tab XVI. Be I As EURY NOME. CANCER. Pennant. EURYNOME. Leach. Antenne externe distantes rostro panlulum longiores, in oculorum cantho interno insert, articulis primo secundo subbreviore, tertio minore, ultimo e plurimis segmentis efformato piloso. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo ad apicem interiorem truncato-emarginato. Pedum par anticum aliis crassius didactylum digitis deflexis; Maris corpore triplo longius, Femrn& corpore longius ; paria 2, 3, 4, et 5, consimilia, mediocria ; ungues acuti apice nudi. Testa subtriangularis verrucata antice rostrata; rostrum bifidum laciniis divaricatis: orbita superne fissura unica, infra externe emarginata. Oculi distantes globosi pedunculo mediocri crassiores. Abdomen 7-articulatum ; Maris articulis tertio latiore, ultime acuminato apice rotundato ; Femin& ovatum late ciliatum. External antenne distant, a little longer than the rostrum, inserted at the internal corner of the eye, the first joint rather shorter than the second, the third less, the last hairy and composed of several segments. External double feet-palpes with the interior point of the second joint of their internal footstalks truncate-emarginate. Anterior pair of legs thicker than the others, didactyle with deflexed fingers, of the Male three times the length of the body, of the Female longer than the body; second, third, fourth, and fifth pair of moderate length. Claws sharp, with naked tips. Shell somewhat triangular, warted, terminated anteriorly by a bifid rostrum with divaricating lacinie ; orbit above with one fissure, beneath externally with a notch. Eyes distant, thicker than their peduncle, which is of moderate length. Abdomen seven-jointed ; of the Male with the third joint broader than the others, the last joint acuminate with a rounded joint; of the Female ovate and broadly ciliated. EURYNOME ASPERA. Tas. XVII. E. pedibus anticis femoribusque tuberculatis; dorso tuberculis octo elevatioribus 2, kL, 2, 3 plurimisque aliis irregularibus depressis pilis-marginatis; lateribus utrinque lamellis quatuor ; rostro laciniis simplicibus, acuminatis. Cancer asper. Pen. Brit. Zool. IV. 18, Pl. LX. A. 20. Eurynome aspera. Leach Edin. Encycl. 7. 431. Fig. 1, Mas. 2, Maris abdomen. 3, Femina. 4, Femine abdomen. 5, Pedipalpus externus geminus auctus. SS This species, which is the type of the genus, and the only one that has hitherto been noticed, is found by dredging in deep water on the coasts of Dorset, Devon, and Cornwall. The very fine specimens figured in the plate, were sent to me by my very industrious friend, C. Prideaux, Esq. who obtained them from the trawl-fishers of the Plymouth Sound. Many of the tubercles on the back of the shell have a cauliflower sculpture. Iab-XViE tow ee ai ie inept ep . +e wer, wii jot yin, ae aN se aA tN aoe e TY patie sth : a thee gua Bee pt byt #2 pons: inh ise i iy ab ul log patie vee : oP on ee i ee hs be hs ahi eee 61 @ ip aan Vie oa E ia _- Wu Spy ¢ ~~ wi: 64 eae, vg Be 8 ey OB las cards «ee age hate al hig oO MATA. MAI A, Aristotelis. MAIA, Lamarck, Latreille, Bosc, Leach. CANCER, Olivier, Scopoli, Herbst. Sowerby. Antenne externe setaceex, articulis duobus basilaribus crassioribus et longitudine subaqualibus ; articulo primo subcrassiore. Pedipalpi externi caulis interni articulo secundo ad apicem internum profundé emarginato, Pedum par anticum aliis haud aut vix crassiores: paria octo postica subelongata consimilia, unguibus simplicibus apice nudis, acutis. Abdomen 7-articulatum. Testa connexa ovato-subtriangularis, spinosissima, anticé rostro bifurco terminata. Ocult pedunculo suo elongato haud crassiores. External antennz setaceous with the two first joints thickest and nearly equal in length ; the first joint thickest. External pedipalpes with the second joint of their internal footstalk deeply notched at its internal apex. Anterior pair of legs not or scarcely thicker than the rest: the other legs alike in form, subelongate: the claws simple, with their joints sharp and naked. Abdomen seven-jointed. Shell convex, ovate-subtriangular, very spinose, terminated anteriorly by abifurcate rostrum. Eyes not thicker than their peduncles which are elongate. MAIA SQUINADO. Tas. XVIII. M. test’ fasciculato-pilosa, orbita superné spina unica, lateribus validé 5-spinosis, clypeo infra frontem spina breviuscula supra excavata. Cancer Squinado. Herbst. iii. tab. 56. adultus. i, t. 14.7.-84: 85, Cancer Maia. Scopol. Ent. Carn. 1126 Sowerby Brit. Miscel. t. 39. Cancer spinosus. Oliv. Encycl. méth. hist. nat. vi. 173. Maja Squinado. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. i. 37. Bose, Hist. Nat. des. Crust. i. 257. Leach, Edinb, Encycl. vii. 394. 431. - Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 326. Encycl. Britan. Suppl. i. 415. Fig. I. Maia Squinado mas. 2%. Antenna externa. 3. Pedipalpus externus. 4. maris abdomen. 5. Famin# jun. abdomen. 6. Maia Squinado raminz, jun. This animal has been confounded with Lithodes Maia and with Parthenope horrida in many cabinets. It is extremely common in deep water off the South Western coasts of Devon and Cornwall, being called by the fishermen King-crab or Thornback. In the young state it approaches the shore, and is often taken in the common net: it differs so much in general appearance from the adult, that a figure of it is added. PISA. CANCER. Pennant, Herbst, Montagu. INACHUS. Fadricii. MAJA. Latlreille, Bosc. PISA. Leach. BLASTUS. Leach. Antenne externe setacee, hirte, pilis basilaribus clayatis, articulo primo secundo multo longiore. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interm articulo secundo ad apicem internum emarginato aut truncato. Pedum par anticum majus crassius (Maris corpore longius, Femina corporis longitudine) ; paria octo postica mediocres, unguibus denticulatis apice nudis. Abdomen 7-articulatum. Tcsta subtriangularis, villosa, tuberosa, anticé rostro laciniis divaricatis terminata. Oculi pedunculo vix crassiores. GENERIS DIVISIONES. * Testa densius villosa, lateribus utrinque posticé spina terminatis. (Pisa. Leach.) ** Testa villosa lateribus spinosis. (Buastus. Leach.) External antenne setaceous, hairy, the lowest hairs clubbed, the first much larger than the second joint. External double footpalpes with the second joint of their internal footstalk notched or truncate. Anterior pair of legs didactyle and thicker than the rest; of the male larger than the body; of the female the length of the body: other legs moderate in length, armed with claws having naked tips and their internal edge denticulated. Abdomen 7-jointed. Shell somewhat triangular villose, tuberose, terminated in front by a bifid rostrum with divari- cating points. Eyes scarcely thicker than their footstalks. DIVISIONS OF THE GENUS. * Shell more thickly villose, the sides behind terminated by a spine. ** Shell villose, with spiny sides. Of the economy and mode of life of this genus nothing is known. PISA GIBBSIL. Tap. XIX. P. rostro deseendente ; testa spina utrinque pone oculos; brachiis femoribusque inermibus. Cancer biaculeatus. Montagu Trans. Linn. Soc. XI. 2. t. 1. f. 2. Pisa biaculeata. Leach Edinb. Encycl. VU. 431. Pisa Gibbsii. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. XI. 327. Fig. 1, mas. 2, pedipalpus gem. extern. 3, maris abdomen. 4, femine abdomen. Pisa Gibbsii is not an uncommon species on the Southern coasts of Devon and Cornwall ; it mhabits deep water, and is taken by the Trawl net. It was first noticed by Mr. Gibbs, employed by Montagu, and is named after that in- defatigable and successful collector, by whom the British Fauna has been considerably enriched. The shell, when the hair is removed, is whitish and covered with impressed punctures. w bs Tal XIX. PISA TETRAODON. OF Acer Ne P. test lateribus utrinque 6-spinosis: spinis duabus minoribus ; quatuor majoribus. Cancer tetraodon. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 7. tab. viii. fig. 15. Maja tetraodon. Bose, Hist. Nat. des Crust. 1. 254. Leach, Edinb. Encycl. vii. 395. Blastus tetraodon. —————--————— vii. 43. Pisa tetraodon. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 328. Encycl. Britan. Suppl. 1. 415. Fig. 1. Pisatetraodon mas. 2. maris abdomen. 3. ra:mina. 4, ramin® abdomen, 5. Antenna. 6. Pedipalpus externus. This animal inhabits deep water on the coasts of the Isle of Wight, Brighton, and Teign- mouth. It is often thrown on the shore after storms. The arms of the young males are scarcely thicker than those of the adult female. Se I SMe in aaa an We r Mare ae Pb ye i Lea, ‘ a) , ss ho Shas) rn hi . A rh - * ee ie es %) tary et denied tg ‘ bie a te OE Bh il a TMI R A. sna, go ‘ NS aes ge iM nes eran. AG Tet at WA was a ocean ihe. Moe nee lens: Ny as ’ aL ; Mo re , PEA wie 4 met i, & J Le oe ah Vib ip ity ai i a ¥ j ' Jot) ea ' | Nr | ; ! Bo ea Ai } 4, iy my ho) be) a! + f j aut VAR l ay P ii \ 7 i iy ' \ i aie, aon . ; J q rit rn t 4 » * : veh pad \ ne : ot 1 rh he wy L = fi i ‘ D ry! ci rare We i 4 4 : i 3 v" ites by j end nl Opi te". fl 1 f Sy (oar I r f Ce UMaine 7) ‘ i ‘ | ye 6b Fe pig ra = Wy) ) \ f 1 ‘ é i J = \ W f 4 ~ rn o oth = ve a] " i ‘ i aty a7 hi i af y ; me ) ; ort as ry, p. ri ; f : i = . 4 ay \ a J ~ 1 ‘ = by - i u ‘ ™ Ay ee . y Ss ¢ S 7 5 j f ; ' 4 , i fi : tw : : 1 5 \ i : ry. (arity. an if het i Ay) \ j i _ Wil oe 1 i Anke y 1 yet ; } Lan \ i ay — Acai " PINDA ‘ead Posen sibastyen ahead) aratall Piers be enhiese olny siene toe Toshi wecintins oem. ) Ghia: swidts) ge gory! olquh ouliag Obuioo + antiroigasin ondeils viv pilin audiveh on ‘ | elder ait“ gbtine olvsitr feta abloy soinaiai orige onirg olivine orretai tua 4 nVIN AD sian 5 aiubimion sitirqun : lal uniynabahdlinn GAiopan mH) neq ; alos eutingew Mmybatss% RY ; devas ys sebib aeren nusiup iy soars eles oblay bo oiquide gudiiizial ae anaup wag; ehinveg topeboery 7 peel oteon « ahetheus dale ozinis geoniqe svssq sir dirgratshlne WeMe vealibony ie hwas exuditio om (ouhe gained ehiuse wlyoiis esrb: yt suinaelh ee 2 i ars alii ooh dsiie eve) 18 baie dso sd; evel boven oT onthe: ihtnv * : 9A cantons Josie Roe 4 4d bormun 10! vbonsing esnige wt Mie rele gantiielye Fart - A mah, pidw itt ctdiby oligo om re son Cenan s nv bdteby: alastuai teri} Lasgo oily sii), Snbelly 7 4) a = Asad bis wuluatocdt 6 ei) iye batgiog. wie. 7 ini ei heme aod otreiliid aed > ied eosinoqe sat fait i vena Wp roi iuu tia aft) : = Biinglow 8. ot) Jo atace wont {keen a0) i i: wives bres aeeliow) inmwina opie - ; : isolidboetassy lon oan 474 SetiW iat onl) ied ile ; a. ae : P= : wil r . 7 7 A % * 7 i ae ee ee aes : > RANK ut ; Von A i aisyols ends ainail rcilis30 sea ty ce 4 ‘ontibna hea ste oibrsati satinad a a S 3 RES wistcotes megtayilesd nai pon eR ned wudok | Pe Ssatranso8 nomobde erm 8 auteoitilyans Hitt autre avlosivee igo oe own ite . prt oil “s nailer lyeie hi Araoadte'd io qitighow vd bovarapiib Some’) nol, pe & — — Masa ytiiittes 9 emohie-sti Ye Mrsmogolorab mild seed Moiity’ walang pecteanialal dl pa cue ol eg delt W abandon, nib 40 dunio|, bagane dt aivokrtentn oh) pani =% - hee <2 Riehyoae ere ai ore shoddy wih thine” ‘ be sf “t? ACH EUS. Antenne externe distantes setaceee ante oculos ad rostri latera inserte, articulis duobus basi- laribus reliquis distincte crassioribus : secundo primo duplo longiore at tenuiore : articulis aliis elongatis. Pedipalpi externi cauli interno articulo primo apice interiore valde producto: articulo secundo subtriangulato ; angulis rotundatis. Pedwm par anticum majus didactylum ; par secundum unguibus rectis ; par tertium unguibus gradatim arcuatis ; paria quartum et quintum unguibus abrupte et valde curvatis. Testa subtriangularis parce spinosa, antice breviter rostrata : rostro fisso. Oculi distantes (pedunculi articulo secundo antice unituberculato) in orbitas haud retractiles. Abdomen 6-articulatum tuberculato-subcarinatum. External antenne wide apart, setaceous, inserted on the sides of the rostrum before the eyes: the two first joints distinctly thicker than the others ; the second joint twice*as long as the first, and more slender ; the other joints elongate. The external pedipalpes with interior apex of their first joint very much produced ; the second joint somewhat triangular; the angles rounded. Anterior pair of legs largest and didactyle ; second pair with straight claws; the third pair with gradually curved claws ; the fourth and fifth pairs with the claws abruptly and much curved. Shell subtriangular, with few spines, anteriorly terminated by a short fissured rostrum. Eyes distant (with the second joint unituberculated in front) not retractile within the orbits. Abdomen six-jointed, with a tuberculated keel. The situation of Ach@us, of which one species only has hitherto been discovered, is inter- mediate between IJnachus and Leptopodia: it is the only known genus of the Brachyura, excepting the latter, whose eyes are not retractile. ACHAUS CRANCHII. Tas, X XITR=-c. A. testa medio tuberculis duobus ; ordine 1, 1, et inter oculos lineis duabus elevatis. Fig. 1., Achzus Cranchii rem. mag. nat. 2. Pedipalpus externus auctus. 3. Antenna exterior aucta. 4. Oculiarticulus secundus amplificatus. 5. Fam abdomen auctum. Mr. John Cranch discovered, by dredging off Falmouth, a single specimen of the female of this curious species, which from the developement of its abdomen is certainly adult. Whether the tubercle in the second joint of the peduncle of the eyes, be a specific character only, or common to the whole genus, is extremely uncertain. The legs are very hairy. TAO: AAT. C. hie Me yy ia ie I ; hile Se Paice Gi ae a | 2 . Ne a } { i i 4 if hh ive ih | % a { Caf a ‘ Al i Nara Ons) ae AL in me ey iat A hy ; ’ Toit bo i ¥be, Aigeviiien lai pia yi Bi, eee | \ wipe eae | hse uty a eines its Aerie mee Mal oe 4 lbs a ny ' i bia IRR | GE bind . wah ae ee vee ep dal ad, al ilies Pe Mihi conde ee a dC alt ke ay ate manana eet: ube har hin | sas ou eieant ee ibgeedtn oe ait hell veg i i Pye Yagi nt heey ol cg thee anal Baja ll ee Bin rh naa \weittieneaaiag Pen a nl ey a 7 iba i ek ee i Snir My ite nen yo 4 =e ak, aie Ta TI a eal hi Harts yr daly s lay ¢ ee a abn tik my Palys , ea wy Ene ty Ts alan Ba eat Aimy Page, in a Meanie ee ii nae ES ee “MRR, iin eee | yp. Cave Fa Pie We, bay face eer Vig iy anes eae sat Pe inet. 'ay Anak i rig in pola! bn | i PAM CRE 8 ' As oar We) CR eR Eire igh oe basi yy ie PUR at a aa re ore teenh | eden ie) San Wal ete mae, a ey matey Ty ye ine bok aici Sane Aa oe Lanse cA enema det P MN AA pene 4 Mal VT, (ied ana hos Hat Abb eee fs 4 inva aga Bact ce \ niall bh ited: aN beta Peg Wve bie pe i i rae an Le te intag't il vie i rua F ah a Pi Ke ; | ‘ mae Lt " i iar M A, | an ie, tia WY ; i tr ie ry, Nhe cn 7 ji , i | | i" 7 ae ek Hie a hale ot Ma pi aah 4) (a Ny A iw / es) ifthe (ik ‘ ” ih ‘a ‘ nite Ve Be mh | mi ahiiod ii a J Beige Nay Sh: ei ETM aa AR A te ie ARN apa Uiystibdin ty af ie By tae fre Las Nini on | My tan ni ue ier i! ne ks) iy yen fe "n tl wes Ne Welasty is sacha ) fe | . | ) Ay tT! 1) it ‘ iw | "i J ay fr! fi ye ait ; iq Pi Ne: shad Hos one wy ‘ij Sits ‘( ey 04 inne! i ty AlN cbiytenmnh | iy iy i. ii Ae ons LF eae han Jui re gpa nit Ake Wee ie dae aM, ee nln tat iene’ cl : i 1] iat «Pee his ie ns Ais Vine? ie ae fin iW ante ke i ah ) af unde i Die get meas AN MMAR”! IRE ie a wie wiry ane ae Pil ty Pie ia, i dt 0 ay) ae Hass yee i: 4 ce Aen Vee, he by at . ; H | ; r i } i an thy 4 r Wy Mi 4 Ly Fath san 4 . Sr rac a A ey Pe ie Bien ee faa sin vA i OG eee Md ih ae a A my Miya Oy AE MACROPODIA. INACHUS. Fabdricii. CANCER. Herbst, Pennant, Villers. MAJA. Bosc. MACROPUS. Latreille. MACROPODIA. Leach. Antenne externe distantes, corporis dimidii longitudine setacee, ante oculos ad rostri latera inserte ; articulo secundo primo triplo longiore. Pedipalpi gemini externi tenues caule interno biarticulato, articulis longitudine subequalibus ; I palpi triarticulati hirsutissimi. Pedum par anticum majus, didactylum, wquale (maris corpore duplo longius ; manibus elongato- subovatis, compressis; carjis manibus duplo brevioribus, angulatis; brachiis manuum longitudine angulatis: rumin# corporis longitudine, manu subfiliformi): paria 4 postica, longissima, tenuissima: ungues 4 antici ad apicem arcuati; 4 postici ad basin abrupte curvati. Testa subtriangularis parce spinosa, antice rostrata, rostro longo, fisso. Oculi distantes, subreniformes, pedunculo multo crassiores, in orbitas haud retractiles. Abdomen 6-articulatum, tuberculato-subcarmatum : Maris articulo primo longiore, secundo angustiore, tertio posticé latiore, quarto angustiore, quinto et sexto abrupte angustioribus, hdc ad apicem abruptissimé angustiore, rotundato. Femin articulis primo angustiore, allis caudam ovatam efformantibus, ultimo ad apicem abrupté producto, rotundato. External antenne distant, half the length of the body, setaccous, inserted at the sides of the | rostrum before the eyes; the second joint three times the length of the first. External double palpi slender, the internal footstalk two-jointed, the joints of nearly an equal length: palpi three- jointed, and very hairy.. Anterior pair of legs largest, didactyle, equal (of the male twice the Mength of the body, the hands elongate-suboval, compressed ; wrists half the length of the hands, ir ngulated ; arms of the length of the hands and angulated: of the female as long as the body, the \hand subfiliform): four hinder pairs very long, very slender: four anterior claws bent at their tops; hinder claws abruptly bent at their base. Shell subtriangular, subspinose, rostrated in front, the rostrum long, cloven. yes distant, subreniform, much thicker than their peduncles, ‘not retractile within their orbits. Abdomen six-jointed, tuberculate-subcarinated (of the male With the first joint largest, the second narrower, the third broader behind, the fourth narrower, the fifth and sixth abruptly narrower, the latter at its apex abruptly narrower and rounded : of the female with the first joint harrowest, the other joints forming an ovate tail, the last joint | with its apex abruptly produced and rounded). __ There are but two species of this genus known, and with their habits I am unacquainted. MACROPODIA TENUIROSTRIS. Tas. X XU Wie. 1°23 3: 4, et-5: M. rostro longissimo tenui; antennis rostro sublongioribus; testa pone rostrum tuberculis: duobus spinaque unica in triangulum dispositis; brachiis interné spinulosis. Leptopodia tenuirostris. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vi. 431. Macropodia tenuirostris. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 331. Fig. 1, Mas. 2, Maris abdomen. 3, Femine abdomen. 4, Femina pes anticus.” 5, Pedipalpus geminus externus. I first observed this species amongst some crustacea collected at Torquay, in Southern Devon, — by Hooker, and have since found it a very common inhabitant of all the deep water off the coast of that country, especially in the Sound of Plymouth. It may be readily distinguished from the following species, by its spinulose arms, and long and slender rostrum. MACROPODIA PHALANGIUM. Fic. 6. M. rostro acuminato antennis multo breviore; testa pone rostrum tuberculis tribus triangulum delinientibus: postice majore; brachiis interne subscabrosis, hirsutis. Cancer Phalangium. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 8. Macculloch Trans. Linn, Soc. vi. 389. tab. 31. Macropus longirostris. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect. 1. 39. Maja Phalangium. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 395. — Zool. Miscel. ii. 18. —- Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 331. Leptopodia phalangium. Leach. Edinb. Encycl. vii. 431. Fig. 6, Mas. | | | | This species is very common in the mouths of rivers and in estuaries throughout the greater part of Britain, being well known by the popular appellation of Spider-crab. It has been | observed by Dr. Macculloch to be sometimes covered by fragments of a species of the Linnean genus Fucus, which are attached to its body and legs. / Lab, ATM, ——— — - Pe ee | | “ati nhs oe he eg es ts hee 7 . ase rf ry OY q a ' iH ; i ' * a, Mids Ate ve Pet's ae) Be Wd ashi i om Ab bedther b e's i eT ag Looe Leh pled We LITHODES. LITHODES. Latreille, Leach. MAJA. Bose. INACHUS. Fablricii. CANCER. Linné, Sc. Antenne externe corporis dimidii longitudine, setacee, sub oculos externé insert, spina ad basin exteriorem. Interne porrecte, elongate, setis duabus compressis, multiarticulatis instructe. Pedipalpi externi articulo secundo interné dilatato, denticulato. Pedes decem ; par anticum inequale, didactylum ; digitis interne excavatis : paria 2, 3, et 4, consimilia, ungue terminata ; par posticum minutum, spurium, adactylum. Testa triangularis, spinosissima, anticé rostro elongato, instructa. Oculi ad basin approximati, pedunculo haud crassiores. Abdomen (in utroque sexu?) membranaceum, squamis crustaceis ; articulis primo et ultimo crustaceis. ; a External antenne setaceous, half the length of the body, inserted under the eyes externally, with a spine at their exterior base ; internal antenne porrected, elongate, terminated by two compressed many-jointed sete. External pedipalpes with the second joint internally dilated and denticulated. Legs ten: anterior pair unequal, didactyle; the fingers internally excavated ; second, third, and fourth pairs alike, and terminated by a claw; hinder pair very small, spurious, and simple. Shell triangular, very spiny, anteriorly terminated by an elongate rostrum. Eyes not thicker than their peduncles, their bases approximating. Abdomen (in both sexes?) membranaceous, with crustaceous scales ; the first and last joints entirely crustaceous. The situation of this anomalous genus, which was classed with the Masz by Lamarck, is extremely doubtful. In the form of its pedipalpes and external antenne, and in the position of the eyes, it approaches the Macrourous Malacostraca. LITHODES MAJA. Tas. AAITV: L. rostro bifurco basi spinoso, digitis fasciculato-pilosis, abdomine basi spinoso. Cancer Maja. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 1046. 41. Fn. Sv. ed. 2. No. 2031. Herbst 1. 219. Tab. 15. fig. 87. Cancer horridus. Penn. Brit. Zool. 4. 7. Pl. 7. sfig. 14. Inachus Maja. Fab. Suppl. Ent. Syst. 358. 15. Lithodes Arctica. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect. 1. 40. Lithodes Maja. Leach Edin. Encycl. 7. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 332. Maia Araignée. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Insect. vi. p. 91. Le Crabe epineux. .Ascan. Icon. Rer. Natur. Tab. xxxx. Fig. 1, Lithodes Maja. 2, Pedipalpus geminus externus. 3, Pes posticus. 4, Ab- domen. ——— Lithodes Maja inhabits the coasts of Aberdeen and Yorkshire ; and has likewise been taken at the mouth of the Frith of Forth: it must, however, be considered as one of the rarer Crustacea of Britain, as it has no where occurred in any degree of plenty. Notwithstanding the spines with which this animal is armed, it is sometimes devoured by the larger species of Gadus, and has been taken from the stomach of a cod by P. Neill, Esq. S.W..S: Colour, when living, flesh-red. Seba in the third volume of his Thesaurus, tab. 18. fig. 10. and tab. 22. fig. 1. has given good representations of this species, which, from the false references of Linné ( Syst. Nat. 1. 1047 ), have caused the erroneous synonyms of Pennant, who confounded it with Parthenope hor- rida* (Cancer horridus Linné) ; and this error, although repeatedly pointed out, has been continued in the new edition of Pennant’s British Zoology. * Vide Leach Zoological Miscellany, vol. ii. page 107. S.A ee —— ee DROMIA. Tas. XXIV. A. CANCER, Linneus. DROMIA, Fabricius, Leach, Latreille. Antenne externe subtus oculi pedunculum insertz ; tuberculo basali maximo, perforato. Antenne interne articulo basali magno et feré cylindrico; antennarum fosse longitudinales et distantes. Pedum par anticum robustum, unguibus cochleariformibus validé dentatis; paria 4 et 5 parva, super dorsum teste reflexa et compressa, ung'uibus parvis duplicatis terminantes. Testa transversa, subglobosa, sublobata, tronte declinata, parva. Oculi pedunculis brevibus. External antennz placed under the peduncle of the eye, with the basal tubercle very large, perforated. Interior antennz with the basal joint large and almost cylindrical ; the antennal pits are longitudinal and distant. The first pair of feet robust, with fingers spoon-shaped and strongly toothed ; the 2nd and 8rd single-clawed, and the 4th and 5th small, turned over the back of the carapace and closely pressed, terminating in small double-claws. Carapace transverse subelobose, with the front bent downwards and small. Eyes with short peduncles. DROMIA MEDITERRANEA. Tap. XXIV. A. DROMIA MEDITERRANEA, Leach, Gray Zool. Journ. 1. p. 419. CANCER DROMIA, Olive. Zool. Adr. p. 45. DROMIA RUMPHII, Bosc. D. testa subglobosa, rotundo-nodosa, latior quam longa, margine antico-laterali utrinque valide quadridentato ; dente secundo basi tuberculato; abdomine maris articulo ultimo latiori quam longo, feminze latissimo, valdé arcuato. Fig. 1, Dromia Mediterranea. 2, Femine abdomen. 3, antenna externa. 4, antenna interna. 5, pedipalpus. 6, manus. This very hirsute species frequently becomes covered with sponge, so that little of the shell is visible. Although long known as a Mediterranean Crab, its existence in our seas has only been recently discovered. The figure is taken from a large specimen, now in the British Museum, which was dredged off Penzance, and for some time lived captive in a tank. AMON oh AS wit, sini agi | opie? ! i? pane [Rayna ligand ad cibiba chin oii io sulin i igs anette aetna ar a poner ie ie a ae fel ey Gh ey eee Ste 7 uty Abita toi ahaha neti ” 2 Oat as, Ae vidal, wera) adler ADEE TNE Aint A ahha open yl os Niki va. worl eek oh ot) TSR eee ida ta ‘w lieu cdl Mauhbraic aii Cider: te: pea Th febrile uw weytnb scl Baek: Gib il Arata Dibe (aiio | ae LT, voll Ain ante vt tel To ag te whlwohil oto ow but aa oie Rata ienbialt nt (abi ligh 93215 ek Algal die Frcs Be onthe The Tee bands on see! nein bang Senile EM Brivuh sei “— \ pA ane mnevnnenates tS ta a A AKA ae - a AAD a iv wey Awad gpd hind MS eT Te aT f, ost, Awe awe ght | oats I Lite’ ssptellalig® {oR Recamnftann tiie ng wh ole! adiledate ofentare’ a witoagy rh enki abe fytien drniy anvils ffi (iirptigg boniet bart eee ouietase TEAR Bd Hie iia ewe iia of (hayeotn fa m Avcaertahita ob Merv cable fo sli! lol? om sryireepe item: Tesvervtrs ehconiysnd sthopos Ceaelee ak let Gat Big hue ah OAR ath ten! b qarw atsha hit 6 ie Kena aa ido ei hou a eee I daulal aa, ei ea all bined oA) Seas begit ach ate bide Eh Bas Jab. XXIV ~ EBALIA. CANCER, Pennant, Montagu. LEUCOSIA. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 333. annot. Antenne externe setacee minutissime in oculorum cantho interno inserte ; interne mediocres in foveolas obliquo-transversas inter oculos recepte. Pedipalpi externi cauli interno sensim acuminato, articulo secundo interné palpigero: cauli externo flagro nullo instructo, Pedes decem ; par anticum majus equale depressum didactylum, brachiis subangulatis ; maris illo ramrin#& longius ; paria alia ambulatoria, ungue simplici instructa. Abdomen 7-articulatum, articulis mediis confluentibus; Maris angustum a segmento tertio sensim acuminatum, articulo ultimo basi unituberculato; ra@min& amplissimum medio latius, articulo ultimo parvo penultimo abrupté angustiore. Testa rhomboidalis, lateribus integris, fronte subproducto. Oculi minuti frontales. External antenne very minute, setaceous, inserted in the internal corner of the eye. Internal antenne moderate in size, received into oblique-transverse foveole between the eyes. External pedipalpes with their internal footstalk gradually acuminated; the second joint internally palpigerous: external footstalk without the usual appendage. Legs ten ; anterior pair largest, equal, depressed, didactyle, with the arms somewhat angulate ; of the male longer than that of the female ; other pairs formed for walking and terminated with a simple claw. Abdomen seven-jointed, the middle joints confluent ; of the male narrow, gradually acuminated from the third joint ; of the female very large, broader in the middle, with the last joint small and abruptly narrower than the preceding joint. Shell rhomboidal, with the sides entire and the front slightly produced. Eyes minute, frontal. EBALIA PENNANTII. Tas. XXV.---fig. 1---6. E. testa granulata cruce irregulari elevata, abdomine articulis 3—6 coalitis. Cancer tuberosus. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 8. tab. 9.4. fig. 19. Fig. 1. Ebalia Pennantii mas. 2. Maris abdomen auctum. 4. Pedipalpus auctus. 5. Ebalia Pennantii ramina. 6. Faeminz abdomen ampl. Pennant first described this species from the Portland cabinet : it is occasionally taken by dredging off the Dentridge, near the Saltstone, in the Estuary of Kingsbridge, from whence I have received several specimens, and possess one imperfect female half as large again as fig. 9. ESE EBALIA CRANCHII. Tas. XXV.---fug. 7---11. E. testé subgranulata carinata tuberculis quinque ; ordine, 2 aproximatis, 2 distantibus, I medio majore, abdomine maris articulis 3—), femine 4—6 coalitis. Fig. 7. Ebalia Cranchii mas. 8. Ejusdem abdomen. 9. E. Cranchii ramina. 10. remiIn& abdomen. Ll. E. Cranchii mas, junior. This species was discovered by that enterprizing naturalist, Mr. J. Cranch, (whose death in the late expedition to Congo, has been so much lamented by naturalists), in the Sound of Ply- mouth, where Mr. C. Prideaux has likewise observed it, in considerable plenty, and has supplied my collection with a complete series. EEE EBALIA BRYERII. TAR. XXV.--. Fig. 1-15. E. testa leviter granulata anticé subcarinata tuberculis tribus ordine 2, 1 ; (femme tumidis), abdomine maris articulis 3—-5 et 6—7, femine 4—6 coalitis. Cancer tuberosa. Mont. Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 86. tab. 2. fig. 3. foem. aucta. Brachia maris illis E. Cranchii breviora ; carina dorsalis inter tubercula antica uni-tuberculata. Fig. 12. E. Bryeriiremina. 13 ramine abdomen. Montagu received this species from Mr. Bryer, who tookit at Weymouth. I have obtained it from the Sound of Plymouth, through the liberality of Mr. C. Prideaux. I have seen but one male, which differs from the female in not having the dorsal tubercles tumid. Sab-XXV. a PAGURUS. PAGURUS. Fabr., Bosc, Lam., Latr., Leach. ASTACUS. Pennant. CANCER. Linné. Antenne interiores breviores, setis duabus articulatis ; inferiore breviore, filiformi; superiore compressa subconica infra pilosa, pedunculus triarticulatus, articulo tertio longiore : exteriores setacee longissime multiarticulate; pedunculus 4-articulatus, articulo secundo ad apicem supra spina mobili instructo. Pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno articulis quinque exsertis ; articulis 1 et 3 brevioribus, 2 et 4 longioribus longitudine subequalibus. Oculi frontales, spina mobili supra ad illorum basin. Pedes decem ; par anticum valdé inequale, majus, didactylum; digitis fasciculato-pilosis ;— paria 2 et 3 elongatis, aqualibus unguibus elongatis subcurvatis instructa; paria 4 et 5 abbreviata, subcrustacea, pilosa, didactyla. Thorax membranaceus anticé supra clypeo crustaceo instructus. Abdomen membranaceum exarticulatum, elongatum, molle. Cauda triarticulata, crustacea, articulo secundo utrinque appendiculato. Interior anienne shortest, with two articulated sete; the lower seta shortest, filiform; the upper one compressed, subconic hairy beneath; peduncle three-jointed, the third joint longest : exterior antenneé setaceous, very long, composed of many joints ; peduncle 4-jointed, the second joint with a moveable spine at the upper part of its extremity. Eaternal feetpalpes with their internal footstalk having five exserted joints, the first and third joints shortest; the second and fourth longest and of equal length. Eyes situated in the front, witha moveable spine at the upper part of their base. Legs ten; anterior pair very unequal, larger than the rest, didactyle, the fingers with tufts of hair; second and third pairs of equal size, elongate, with subcurved elongate claws; fourth and fifth pairs short, subcrustaceous, hairy, didactyle. Thorax mem- branaceous, with a crustaceous shield on its anterior part above. Abdomen without joints, elongate, membranaceous, soft. Tail triarticulated, crustaceous, the second joint with appendices on each side. The animals of this genus are commonly denominated Soldier, or Hermit-crabs. Their economy Is extremely curious and interesting, and so much so as to have attracted the attention of ancient naturalists ; one species is described by Aristotle under the title zapuvoy. All the species are parasitic, and inkabit the cavities of turbinated shells. They change their habitation during their growth, first occupying the smallest shells, aud latterly those of considerable dimensions. They adhere to the pillars of the shells by the appendices situated on either side of their tail : and move about with great facility, dragging the shells after them. PAGURUS STREBLONYX. Tas. XXVI. Fic. 1 ad 4. P. manibus fortis granulatis; carpis supra, brachiis apice pedibusque secundis tertiisque supra spinosis ; unguibus tortuosis, supra spinosis. Fig. 1, Pagurus Streblonyx. 2, antenna imterior aucta. 3, antenna exterior aucta. 4, pedipalpus aucta. This is the common soldier-crab of our seas. It inhabits almost all of the univalves that are found on our coasts. The right claw is generally but not always the largest, as I have seen a specimen in which the contrary was the case. It is generally placed in British collections as Cancer Bernhardus of Linné, but I cannot venture to affix any synonym to it, as the descriptions of authors are too general, and many species agreeing with their characters are found in the European Ocean. The twisted claws distinguish this from all the other species which I haye yet seen. PAGURUS PRIDEAUX. Fie. 5 et 6. P. manibus granulatis; carpis angulo interno spinosis; brachiis apice spinulosis; pedibus secundis et tertiis obscuré submuricatis ; unguibus tenuibus, supra subserratis. Fig. 5, Pagurus Prideaux. 6, in Scaphandre lignario. Pagurus Prideaux inhabits the sea on the southern coast of Devon, and is most common in the Sound of Plymouth. It is named after C. Prideaux, Esq. by whose friendly assistance in sending me a good series of specimens I am enabled to ascertain that itis distinct from the preceding species. Mr. Prideaux has observed it in a vast variety of habitations, even in the tubes of the Dentalia, and in the shell of Scaphander lignarius. Tab XXVL i a gly ae LAR eT oy A Pir ey ae eL pirate ‘opay rage | ¥ j ' y i ’ | (hen A i wh wie? 1 AO a Af cud bi : ah i Ay ne Wwe , f i way he mY > Pe ‘ . om ; en WA ‘ la iy SAVid in in) 4 tue : ne 4 vem ay J 7 " ‘ M ' rg ay ith , Bi fal) hi ja sh! ae Whey €4!40,: | ae fi o ow La aki ra 0 viiew yee gil, 0 5 £n Gil Gy ey keke Oh VASA Paha a a iN XS, ers 7 é 7 ering PLANES. CANCER, Herbst. GRAPSUS, Latreille. PLANES, Leach. Testa depressa, convexa, rotundato-subquadrata. Antenne externe extus fossas antennarum inserte. Antenne: interne in fossas transvers¢ plicate. Pedipalpi externi articulo tertio latiori quam longo. Pedum par anticum robustum, manu inflato, digitis inflexis, leviter dentatis. Ocul distantes, pedunculis elongatis. Abdomen utroque sexu septem-articulatum. Carapace depressed, convex, roundly-subquadrate. External antenne placed outside the antennary grooves. Internal antenne folded transversely in the groove. External pedipalps with the third joint broader than long. First pair of feet robust, the hand inflated, fingers curved inwards and slightly toothed. Eyes distant, with long peduncles. Abdomen seven-jointed in each sex. PLANES LINNAANA. Tas. XXVII. Fie. 1—3. P. testa subquadrata, medio depressa, lateribus rotundatis, posticé striatis; fronte lata, producta integra; orbitis distantibus, utrinque ad angulum teste locatis, margine externo unidentato ; pedibus anticis robustis, subzequalibus. Cancer minutus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. XL. p. 443.— Herbst. Planes Linneana, Leach. Fig. 1, Planes Linneana. 2, maris abdomen. 3, femine abdomen. This species principally inhabits the coasts of Devon and Cornwall. b.XXVIL. We afer Nei abi i A | vi wh yuan Cera eth j VF 4 ; a PORCELLANA., CANCER, Pennant. PORCELLANA, Lamarck, Leach. Antennce externce extus oculos insert. Antenne interne parvee, subtus frontem obtecte. Pedum par anticum inzequale, plus minusve complanatum, brachio breyissimo ; paria 2, 5, et 4, ambulatoria, monodactyla; par. 5, minutum, didactyle. Testa suborbicularis, depressa. Ocults minutis. Abdomen maximum. External antenne inserted outside the eyes. Internal antenne small, hidden beneath the fore-head. First pair of feet very large, unequal, more or less flattened, with very short arm; second, third and fourth pairs ambulatory, terminating in a single finger; fifth pair very small, didactyle; eyes very small. Abdomen very large. PORCELLANA LONGICORNIS. Tas, XXVIII. Fic. 4—7. P. testa suborbiculari, fronte trilobata, loba media profunde unisulcata; manibus inequalibus, elongatis, angustis, extus convexis. Cancer longicornis, Pennant, Brit. Zool. IV. Herbst, II. t. XLVIII. Pisidia et Porcellana Linneana. Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. XVIII. Porcellana Leachii. Gray (Postea.) Fig. 4, Porcellana longicornis. 5, manus. 6, 7, pedes quartum et quintum. The colour of this species is generally pale red, with deeper markings. The characters of the hands, wrists and arms, distinguish it very decidedly from P. platycheles. It is common on the British coasts, being dredged in the oyster nets very abundantly in some localities. PORCELLANA PLATYCHELES. Tas. XXVIII, Ene: P. fronte dentibus tribus, complanatis, trigonis, mediano productiorl, mamibus maximis, unguibus trigonis ; carpo infra loba dentata armata. Cancer platycheles, Pennant, Brit. Zool. IV. pl. VII. Herbst, t. IL. f. 6. Porcellana platycheles, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. Fig. 8. Porcellana platycheles. This curious little crab is quite littoral in its habits, being found under stones at low water in many parts of our coast. If seized by its claws, it makes no difficulty of jerking them off for the purpose of escaping. GALATHEA. CANCER... ZLinn., Gmeil. ASTACUS. Johnst., De Geer, Pennant. GALATHEA. Fabdricii, Daldorf, Lamarck, Bosc, Latreille, Leach. Antenne exteriores corpore longiores segmentis basilaribus tribus crassioribus, secundo haud longiore quam latiore ; Interiores pedunculo elongato infra oculos inserte segmento ultimo acuto multiarticulato infra ciliato, seta articulata ad basin. Pedipalpi gemini externi 5-articulati, articulo primo interne haud dilatato. Pedes decem; par anticum «quale, crassius, didactylum indice ad apicem saltem dentato ; paria 2, 3, et & simplicia consimilia, subcompressa, unguibus acutis instructa ; par quintum brevius spurium articulo ultimo inermi, ciliato. Abdomen 6-articulatum. Cauda pentaphylla; processibus medio fixo e segmentis composito, duobus externis simplicibus mobilibus. GENERIS DIVISIONES. * Rostrum acuminatum acutum utrinque 4-spinosum (spind posticé minore). Pedes antici compressi. Abdomen segmentis lateraliter obtusis. Cauda lamella intermedia triangulari apice emarginato laciniis apice rotundatis. a. Antenne interiores 4-articulate articulo primo apice unispinoso, pedunculo apice bispinoso. Pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno articulo secundo primo longiore. b. Antenne interiores 3-articulate, pedunculo trispinoso. Pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno articulo primo secundo longiore. ** Rostrum elongatum spiniforme basi utrinque bispinoso (spiné posticad minore). Pedes antici subcylindrici. Abdomen segmentis lateraliter acutis. Cauda lamella intermedia transverso- quadrata apice subemarginaté. (Antenne interiores triarticulate, pedunculé 3-spinosé6. Pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno articulo primo secundo longiore. ) External antenne longer than the body, with the three first segments thicker than the others, the second not longer than broad ; internal antenne with an elongate footstalk inserted beneath the eyes, their last joint acute composed of many segments, ciliated beneath, with an articulated seta at its base. External double feet-palpes five-jointed, the first joint not diated internally. Legs ten ; anterior pair didactyle, equal in size and thicker than the other legs ; second, third, and fourth pairs simple, alike in form, somewhat compressed, with acute nails ; fifth pair shorter, spurious, the last joint simple ciliated. Abdomen six jointed; tail composed of five foliaceous processes, the middle one of which is fixed and composed of several pieces, the outer ones being moveable. DIVISIONS OF THE GENUS. * Rostrum acuminate, sharp with four spines on each side (hinder spine smallest). Anterior legs depressed. Abdomen with the sides of the segments obiuse. Tail with the middle process trian- gular, the tip emarginate with the lacinie rounded. a. Internal antenne four-jointed, the first joint with its apex one-spined, the tip of the pcduncle being two-spined. External double feet-palpes with the second joint of the internal stalks longer than the first. b. Internal antenne three-jointed, their peduncle with three spines. External double feet-palpes with the second joint of the internal stalks shorter than the first. ** Rostrum elongate spine-shaped with two spines on each side of its base (hinder spine smallest). Anterior legs somewhat cylindric. Abdomen with the sides of the segments acute. Intermediate lamella of the tail transverse-quadrate, the tip slightly notched. (Interior antenne three-jointed, peduncle with three spines. External double feet-palpes with the second joint of their internal stalk shorter than the first.) The Galathee inhabit deep water, and are for the most part found on rocky coasts. They move with very great rapidity, and when taken violently flap their breast with their abdomen. Johnson has figured three species of this genus. (Historia naturalis de exanguibus, tab. 2. Jig. 3.7. et tab. 4. fig. 11.) GALATHEA SQUAMIFERA. Tas. XXVIII. A. G. (* a) Pedibus anticis granulato-squamosis, manibus externe, carpis brachiisque interne spinosis. Cancer astacus squamifer. Montagu MSS. Galathea squamifera. Leach Edin. Encycl. 7. p. 398. Fig. 1, Mas adultus. 2, Mas junior. 3, Pedipalpus geminus externus panlulum auctus. 4, Pedum tertii paris basis. 5, Femine pars eadem coxa perforationem exhibens. 6, Maris pes posticus coxa perforata. 7, Pes posticus Femine. §, Abdominis segmenti secundi maris appendiculum*. This elegant species of Galathea was discovered by Montagu on the Southern coast of Devon, where it occurs in very great abundance. ‘Young specimens generally have a white line running down their back, and in this state they are frequently taken by the dredge in deep water. It may be found under stones at low tide on all the rocky shores of Southern Devon from Plymouth to Torbay. * Observavit J. Sowerby, junior. Tal NXVUTN ny 3 >. a aN z Le 6 - : ( \ f y f is ' tf ’ i . } * Cary 4 , 7a! rr dian vo eee ; ? ‘cn i ‘Wa , (h 1 ¥) i! hank HG ", Ca ; i i i wh i bal | my iz it i " TF, ee, hae ei. Ur tp, le PND ete Ae i me heey j j ’ i nl | é T Na ‘ f r fat ' { A ; / Rin a en AL ; ‘ y Oy Die yaa ag fea tt ALP ibe AD ip! Ay , aan h ig bs a i WAG gn led aN Ane f ia) ‘| ! Liv Pte ee ae | DP etie TRe Se ey ed) ha av cutee Caley a Beh nig « WN NW ; eT enh J mili ata) / ” r { oti ie ebat, 1 Ad OA Peet rein it et arti me) (\ p ae j ; . i i} \ iy ee) ee r é hat pA . iar. Wo DY lateral aig AO LAM Lay owe, Vif i 4 i , J fate) are t es a! EU pee i eal i ‘ he j (Wb dh meat ean at | , 4 i i} J nt \ A j rath y a Salas ie Weta cP ue a pea PR tare! ody”) aT ATONE AANA eae es ae VEX aut rn uy a Mee | i 6 uk Sona dine rivitus vindifo® (8) Bo 2 dete gtt p D onmesinn wom 3 uM * Oh WE noes PA, IR ; | ea ely eer von ees peoginte el a on tm a ta ely. REY i, ang aia Bie typ bolo at oumgit O° ne y AY adi oh . i me Bowmgt oo 4 i “ ‘ a Lath ne siteiponati ey Sn a water ian atletinee mivo edie |e Gee ; aw or — seiyane atone stig “atone pe Pry. hd p sat 1 Miginsiue tied) ;itodeda unprtqeenl sabe GR saint ALA we hg eae ce i ‘ i 7 d On| 4 5 f \ 4 5 } i “4 . « i. { % = ’ ’ “ih pe | ‘ 7 7 o $ ke ie A ' on 4: ' ‘ .) ; \ OLY 4 aad ee * * _ | , Pa Ft vit yn ij ar f al Pam ii } st ¢ ; : a” I bs | ‘ | ' ‘ {+ i >. id * ‘ ‘ = rE . Ps one Vv - « * = é , A GALATHEA SPINIGERA. Tas. XXVIII. B. G. (x b) Pedibus anticis subgranulato-squamosis supra et utrinque spinosis, brachiis externe inermibus, } Astacus strigosus*. Penn. Brit. zool. TV. 18. pl. 14. Herbst tab. 26. fig. 2. Galathea strigosa. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2.471. Supl. p. 414. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. 1. 49. Leach Edin, Encycl. 7. 398. Fig. 1, Mas. 2, Ejusdem pullus. Galathea strigosa is a common species on most of the rocky shores of Great Britain. It has been confounded by all the authors who have noticed it, with Cancer strigosus of Linné, but as it will not agree with the description given in the twelfth edition of the Systema Nature and in the Fauna Suecica, I have been under the necessity of changing the specific name. Our figure is colored from a drawing most kindly sent to me by Mrs. Dorville, who drew it from a living specimen. In the young state the legs are most elegantly annulated with red and white, as exhibited in figure 2. * Alia et distincta species est Cancer strigosus Linnei ut hec indicant verba. ‘* Thorax obovatus margine utrinque spinis octo acuminatis antrorsum porrectis ciliatis, dorso rugis numerosis antrorsum imbricatis. Chele oblonge, depresse, margine aculeate, supra scabre, subtus quasi squamose; pedes apice rubri.” Fn. Sv. ed. alt. 2036. ‘“‘ Brachia introrsum aculeata; chele oblonge, margine aculeate, latere superiore antrorsum imbricata scabritie eiliari.” Syst. nat. XII. 1053. Tal XXVUL. B. a P i i) i , r Nite fi ) 1 ; \ * + eM lt Weer | u f 1 in Ae, il hy ed i j f f + ' j i i a , b F Wn ed 5 1 " ay i ] f f Wich) Dae) Aa Caen Dir 0 a a é 4 on A%@ th, \ ‘ a, My he, Pl rm - { i 4 ihe reba , v ect ] i ‘ F pel i f j i | { 4 Li is ; av r al ‘ke - sdscbieas oh AODUMABTAIND = | Moth . | HIZE a ve * ; a1 A MP seas 4 RET B08 a0 | BR ie biel Toma: re 78S tev ah ton . J stevens. gab ty | Neat ash AOVL oak Bel eo ain | mith. ash , wor . {BOF Apu 9 votigib euaapy eiwwhise elaacn. f° anrodi gf Ar . moe? fh tgee Madey wt biotive. tegthas job? iow alah’ GALATEA RUGOSA. Tas. XXIX. G. pedibus anticis introrsum presertim spinosis; abdomine segmento secundo antice 6, tertio 4-spinosis. Astacus Bamffius. Penn. Brit. Zool. VV. pl. 13. Cancer rugosus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2985. 149. Galatea rugosa. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2.472. Supl. 415. 2. Bosc Hist. nat. des Crust. 2. 87. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Insect. 6. 198. Galatea Longipeda. Lam. Syst. des Anim. sans Vert. 158. Galatea Bamffia. Leach Edin. Encycl. 7. 398. . Fig. 1, mas. 2, antenna interna. 3, maris senioris manus, digitos curvatos exhibens. Rondeletius seems to have been the earliest writer to whom this curious Galatea was known, and he has given an intelligible figure in his work “de piscibus,’’ page 542. Pennant next described it in his British Zoology, from a specimen taken near Bamff in Scotland, and communicated to him by the Rev. Mr. Cordiner. It appears to be a very rare species in Britain, as it occurs in but very few collections. In the winter of 1814 my friend Mr. C. Prideaux of Kingsbridge, obtained a fine male and female from the Trawl-fishers, who found them in the Plymouth Sound. These specimens were communicated to me for this work, and the male is represented in the plate, together with one of the internal antenne and a claw, showing the change that takes place in the form of this part in old specimens. Herbst has copied Pennant’s plate into table 27, fig. 3. of his work. ‘* er vs j i) - , PALINURUS. PALINURUS. Daldorf, Fabricii, Lamarck, Latreilie, Bosc, Leach. Antenne interiorcs breviores, setis duabus articulatis; exteriore breviore, compressa inferné dilatata, pedunculus longissimus 3-articulatus ; articulis, primo longiore, secundobreviore : Exteriores setacee longissime, articulis tribus basilaribus crassissimis, spinosis ; articulis aliis brevissimis fasiculato-pilosis. Palpi pediformes articulis sex exsertis, ultimo acuminato, subobtuso, hispido. Ocwi pedunculo communi transverso. Pedes decem; par anticum crassius, subdidactylum indice abbreviato ; pollice interné fasciculato- piloso; paria secundum, tertium, quartum et quintum simplicia, nuda; wngues fasciculato- pilosi, apice curvati nudi. Abdomen 6-articulatum, segmentis lateribus spinoso-productis. Cauda pentaphylla; lamellis membranaceis processu medio elongato-subquadrato apice rotundato, basi crustaceo ; processibus aliis squama crustacea ad basin externé, Interior antenne shortest, with two articulated sete; the exterior seta compressed and dilated beneath ; peduncle very long, triarticulated, the first joint longest, the second shortest ; exterior antenna setaceous, very long, the three first joints very thick, spiny; the other joints very short, with fasciculi of hairs. Feet-like Palpi with six exserted joints ; the last acuminate sub-obtuse, hairy. Eyes with a common transverse peduncle. Leg's ten; anterior pair thickest, subdidactyle, the finger abbreviated, the thumb internally with tufts of hair. Other legs simple, naked; claws with tufts of hair, their points naked and bent. Abdomen six-jointed, the sides of the segments produced into spines. Tail composed of five membranous lamellz, the middle of which is elongate-subquadrate, with its base crustaceous; the others with a crustaceous scale at their base externally. Aristotle, Athenzus, and Pliny were acquainted with the animals of this genus, which they named «agafos and Locusta, and used them as food. The Palinuri live on fish and on other marine animals; they have the power of producing a very loud noise by rubbing the first joint of their exterior antenne against the projecting clypeus. All the species have a large spine over each eye, and from this part some of the subsidiary specific characters may be drawn. PALINURUS VULGARIS. Tas. XXX. P. spinis superocularibus subtus dentatis; segmentis abdominis sulco transverso, medio inter~ rupto, maculaque utrinque albido. Astacus Homarus. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 16. pl. xi. fig. 22. Palinurus vulgaris. Zatr. Gen. Crust. et Insect. 1. 48. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 397. Palinurus Homarus. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vu. 397. — Trans. Linn. Soe. xi. 339. Fig. sup. Palinurus vulgaris magnit. natural. Fig. infer. Palpus pediformis. Palinurus vulgaris is very common on the western coasts of England, and is sold in the London markets under the name of thorny lobster and cray-fish. It often grows to the length of eighteen or twenty inches, and is very rarely found of the small size given in the annexed plate. Pennant and Latreille are the only authors to whom I can refer for this species. Linné, in the description of his Cancer Homarus, has given a generic character, and he refers to figures of at least two species; the one inhabiting the Asiatic, the other the American Seas. This species is very variable in its colors; all the specimens that I have seen, however, had a whitish or cream-colored spot on each side of the back of the abdomen. In our figure the most common variety of color is given, and the whole has been executed with the greatest care and attention, that no doubt may hereafter arise as to the exact species intended. e Vid XXX < GEBIA. CANCER (Astacus). Montagu. GEBIA. Leach. Antenne in eddem feré linea horizontali inserte : interiores biarticulate ; articulo primo secundo breviore : pedunculus elongatus basi externé dilatatus: setee due ; superiore compressa. exteriores triarticulate ; articulo secundo longiore: seta longissima; articulis subelongatis. Palpi pediformes 5-articulati infra pilosi. Pedes decem: par anticum majus zquale didactylum ; index abbreviatus : paria alia compressa pilosa ; ugues simplices. Abdomen 6-articulatum ; articulis transversis. Cauda pentaphylla ; processus lamelliformes lati; lateralibus costatis. Antenne inserted nearly in the same horizontal line: inner ones two-jointed ; the first joint shorter than the second; the peduncles elongate, their base externally dilated: seta two, the upper one compressed. External antenne three-jointed, the second joint longest; the seta very long, composed of subelongate joints. Pedipalpes five-jointed, hairy beneath. Legs ten; anterior pair largest, equal, didactyle, with the finger short: other pairs compressed, hairy ; claws simple. Abdomen composed of seven transverse joints. Tail with five broad lamelle; the lateral ones ribbed. All the species as indicated by the generic name, live beneath the earth, and are only to be obtained by digging in the mud at very low tides. Gebia is probably confined to the European Seas; it has been confounded with the Indian Genus Thalassina of Latreille, from which it differs in every character. GEBIA STELLATA. Tas. XXXI.---Fig. 1---9. G. abdomine toto crustaceo, cauda lamella exteriore rotundata, interiore subacuminata, manibus anticis lineis granulatis pilosis. Cancer astacus stellatus. Mont. Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 89. tab. iii. f. 5. Gebia stellata. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 400. - Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 342. 1. Fig. 1. Gebia stellata mag. nat. 2. Antenna interior. 3. Antenna exterior. 4. Pedi- palpus. 5. Pes anticus. 6. Pessecundus. 7. Pestertius. 8. Cauda. Gebia stellata was discovered by Mr. Gibbs in the Kingsbridge Estuary ; it has likewise been taken on some of the shores of the Plymouth Sound, under the mud in which it makes winding horizontal passages, often of an hundred feet or more in length. GEBIA DELTURA. Fig. 9---10. G. abdomine dorso submembranaceo, cauda lamella exteriore apice subrotundata dilatata: inte- riore truncata deltéidea, manibus anticis lineis pilosis. Gebia deltaura. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 342. 2. Fig. 9. Gebia deltura mag. nat. 10. Cauda. This species lives with Gebia stellata, with which it was confounded, until the distinctions were discovered by Mr. J. D. C. Sowerby. GabXXXL. CALLIANASSA. CANCER (Astacus). Montagu. CALLIANASSA. Leach. Antenne in eadem feré linea horizontali insert : imteriores pedunculo elongato biarticulato; articulo secundo longiore: sete due: superiore sub-compressa. exteriores pedunculo elongato ; seta longissima. Palpi pediformes articulo secundo compresso longiore. Pedes decem: par anticum valdé inequale didactylum compressissimum : par secundum primo minus didactylum: par tertium monodactylum : par quartum simplex: par quintum sub- didactylum. Abdomen submembranaceum. Cauda pentaphylla: processus lati; laterales exteriores interioribus majores costati. Antenne inserted nearly in the same horizontal line: interior ones with the peduncle two- jointed ; the second joint longest: sete two, the upper ones slightly compressed : exterior ones with an elongate peduncle and seta. Pedipalpes with the second joint longest, compressed. Legs ten: anterior pair very unequal, didactyle, very much compressed: second pair didactyle, smaller than the anterior pair: third pair monodactyle : fourth pair simple : fifth pair subdidac- tyle. Abdomen somewhat membranaceous. ‘Tail with five broad plates; the exterior ones ribbed, larger than the interior lateral ones. One species only of this singular Genus has hitherto been observed. It has the same economy as Gebra, at least it resides in subterraneous passages of the same construction. CALLIANASSA SUBTERRANEA. Tas. XXXII. C. thorace anticé abrupté subacuminato, processus rostriformi unicarinato apice rotundato. Cancer astacus subterraneus. Mont. Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 89. tab. i. fig. 1—2. Callianassa subterranea. Leach Edinb: Encyel. vii. 400. - Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 343. 1. Fig. 1. Callianassa subterranea mag. nat. 2%. Antenna interior. 3. Antenna exterior. A. Pedipalpus. 5 et 6. Pedum par anticum mag. nat. 7. Pes secundi paris. 9, Pes quartus. 10. Pes quinti paris. 8. Pes tertius. The figure in the annexed plate is coloured from a drawing, done from the living animal, by Mrs. Dorville. C. subterranea was discovered by Montagu on the Southern coast of Devon, where it is not very uncommon. The larger fore leg is sometimes on the left, sometimes on the right side. Montagu has described a curious parasite, which is found under the sides of the thorax.— See Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 103. Tab 3M é Oxy 4 J ‘ My ; Vv h i 1 of i Ap | es) y Lf S, | : ae P ‘ es, shies” > oul Latiioxizo gnine off) aivinned. betsani pent : ae b> ¥ 3 i doaienttog sbdlivob seal ates ow Hin cone TMedAl -Ybod adi ie gaol, t ay pol Tipo : #iothio edt api ‘pao! joi! omar ebaiog, ‘ ; i pan yoy bine “shytabib deognal ‘sing - a dh tot a mn Ra a ving Ai volyuite bre hovestqmo) Piva ls dors bimimiatie oft iwtalg door’ ovA ive GT betain[itie wom 3 v2 Lbonadeos ical titi: asialg ee i a et. a ed ~ x ee ‘an : * a Ss + nas son oes ty & ‘y i.e er. snssirdaciata’ Aabnagen oF. ee AXIUS. AXIUS. Leach. Antenne in eaidem feré linea horizontali inserte : exteriores setacee corporis feré longitudine ; interiores setis duabus. Pedipalpi gemini externi articulis duabus primis sublongioribus, zqualibus. Pedes decem: par anticum majus didactylum valdé inequale: par secundum compressum di- dactylum: paria alia compressa simplicia; par quintum minus compressum gracilius. Abdomen 6-articulatum. Cauda pentaphylla lata costatis. : lamella intermedia elongato-triangularis ; lamellis exterioribus medio Antenne inserted nearly in the same horizontal line: exterior ones setaceous, and nearly as long as the body: interior ones with two sete. External double pedipalpes, with the two first joints somewhat longer than the others, and of nearly an equal length. Legs ten: anterior pair largest, didactyle and very unequal: second pair compressed, didactyle: other pairs compressed and simple: fifth pair less compressed and more slender than the others. Abdo- men six-jointed. T'ail with five broad plates: the intermediate plate elongate-triangular : exterior plates with their middles costated. SSE AXIUS STIRYNCHUS. Tas. XXXII A. rostro marginato medio carinato, thorace pone rostrum lineis duabus elevatis abbreviatis posticé emarginato ; emarginatione basi prominente. Axius stirynchus. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 343. Fig. 1. A. Stirynchus mag. nat. 2. Antenna interior. 3. Antenna exterior. 4. Pedi- palpus. 5. Pes anticus. 6. Pes secundus. 7. Pes tertius. 8. Pes quartus. 9. Pes quintus. Axius Stirynchus was first obtained by myself at Sidmouth, where it was taken amongst prawns on the shore. Montagu afterwards procured near Plymouth another specimen, which forms part of his collection of British Zoology, lately purchased by the trustees of the British Museum. POTAMOBIUS. CANCER, Linneus. ASTACUS, Fabricius. POTAMOBIUS, Leach. Antenne externe elongate, subtus et extus internas insertz, pedunculo crasso, articulis secundo et tertio subcylindricis, squama mobili tectis. Antenne interne setis duabus ciliatis. Pedipalpi externi articulo secundo latissimo, crasso. Pedum par primum fere eequale, tumidum, carpo brevi, rotundo, manu leviter tuberculatum ; paria secundum et tertium attenuata, didactyla ; paria quartum et quintum monodactyla. Testa medio sulco transverso profundo subdivisa ; rostrum breve, trigonum utrinque unidentatum. Abdomen quinque-articulatum, leeve. Cauda pentaphyla, segmento primo-mediani utrinque unidentato. External antenne long’, inserted below and outside the internal, with thick peduncle, second and third joints cylindrical, covered by a moveable scale. Internal antenne with two ciliated filaments. External pedipalps with second joint very broad and thick. Carapace divided in the middle by a deep transverse groove. Rostrum short, trigonal, single-toothed at each side. First pair of feet nearly equal, large, thick; wrist short, rounded; hand slightly tuberculated; second and third pairs attenuated, two-fingered ; fourth and fifth pairs single-fingered. Abdomen with five joints, smooth. Tail with five flaps; first section of the middle flap with a strong tooth on each side. POTAMOBIUS ASTACUS. Tap. XXNMIV.. Fie. 1. P. testa granulata, rostro pedunculum antennarum longitudine equanti, medio carinato, utrinque dente parvo versus extremitatem armato. Cancer astacus. Linneus. Astacus fluviatilis. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 406. Latreille, Gen. Crust. V. p. 235. Potamobius fluviatilis. Leach, non Risso. Vig. 1. Potamobius astacus. There has been some confusion of synonyms between this species and the common lobster. The present editor, however, believes that the nomenclature adopted by the authorities in the British Museum is the more correct. In general appearance the Potamobius is a miniature representation of the marine Lobster, and is abundantly diffused through all the larger rivers of our country, as well as those of Europe generally. It is much in request for the table, under the name of the “ River Cray-fish.” Specimens will live for some time in a fish-tank, where their habits, which are very interesting, may be observed. One in possession of the writer, shed his outer covering so neatly, and with so little disturbance of the parts, that it was at first thought there were two Cray-fish instead of one in the tank. Although of a dull greenish colour when living, the shells turn red, when boiled, like the common Lobster. Jat XXXIV SCYLLARUS. SCYLLARUS, Fabricius, CANCER, Linneus, Herbst. Antenne externe latissime, flabelliformes, pedunculo articulis dilatatis, cristatis. Antenne internce quatuor, dissimilimz, medianis filiformibus ; articulo ultimo bifido. Oculi distantissimi. Testa lata, oblongo-subquadrata. Pedum par primum breve, articulis inflatis, manu monodactyli; paria 2, 3, 4, feré consimilia ; par ultimum didactyle. Abdomen sex-articulatum, segmentis ad latera spinoso-productis. Cauda pentaphylla, in lamellis membranaceis terminans, medio transyersi articulata, margine articuli primi acutissimé dentato. SCYLLARUS ARCTUS. ape SOOT VS Bios Oh 345 Ss S. testa squamoso-tuberculata, anticé acutissime quadridentata, frontis margine concavo, cristato, marginibus lateralibus bidentatis, antennis externis flabelliformibus, acuté dentatis, antice lobatis, ciliatis. Seyllarus arctus. Fubricius, Ent. Syst. Supp. p. 309, I. Cancer arctus. Linneeus, Syst. Nat. Cancer (Astacus) Ursa Major. Herbst, II. p. 83, t. 30, f. 2. Fig. 2, Scyllaris arctus. 3, fifth claw. 4, first claw. 5, middle claw. The name of this curious crustacean was first added to our list of British fauna by Dr. Borlase, who found specimens in Mount’s Bay, Cornwall. They have also been not unfrequently taken on other parts of our coasts. The more usual order in decapodous crustacea is reversed in this case, the first pair of legs being single-clawed, and the last weakly double-clawed. » v 7 \ M * _ = ; ie | i. “7 : | riv fh, ; a le . 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Lift shit nila) Mise (eo WE aN he TA un TTT | One 1a ithe: whan \ oly LATA PMS ‘heel | Wein ave me al’ ofits" Sherine gahl tiga e ’ : COM crnaanee Siti ore hihi dvr bel A ee plas OLE, MOM TthS ‘Cro ete Te beoyiee ht cole (naa mi bade? alee AOE RA She OF Tt APT ib ath ents “td wee @ (aa utd caedbsiiin Ve iF inure iP ean Pe! iP Pe ip Ly be | ‘yl ba th nth callyuaenltyd 2 clit Tie stl Galt) ih udl. clebiey tae tia Waalon ae wiitbe dg Walid bate Al qeiees abet rr puitiviuet olf Rae ity Pie ie, Vee Sa ing ane Selah Fig oo bie eh elh a dA wt WN ey Suid apie Slope e/a, een | mr fait Lethade oo eunreh Gage ul Fra Sn he salutes eiipyte aed al aS auth ; sar asia ld ofmotiad BNiiiey wail aan 94 yn ia fied, baat) ‘hopilindl et in - 3 ° or) i = i F ‘ 7 ’ -_ ii : % 7 le ) . oy - i, ow is j NEPHROPS. ASTACUS. Pennant. NEPHROPS. Leach. CANCER. Linné. Antenne in eddem linea horizontali inserta : Interiores setis duabus ; superiore crassiore compress4; inferiore setaced, tereti. Exteriores pedunculo articulo primo squamé ultra pedunculi apicem prodeunte. Palpi pediformes articulis quinque exsertis ; articulo primo laiere interiore supra dentato, infra subserrulato. Oculi maximi, reniformes, pedunculo abrupté et multé crassiores. Pedes decem ; par anticum majus, inequale, didactylum ; manu filiformi: paria 2 et 3 didac- tyla, filiformia; paria 4 et 5 filiformia, ungue terminata ; ungues acuminati. Abdomen sex-articulatum ; segmentis lateribus acutis. Cauda pentaphylla; processu exteriore bipartito, articulato. Femin4 coxis tertiis, Mas coxis quintis perforatis. Se Antenne inserted in the same horizontal line: interior ones with two sete ; the upper seta compressed ; the under seta setaceous, rounded: exterior antenne witha scale on the first joint of their peduncle, extending beyond the apex of the peduncle. Pedipalpes with five exserted joints; the first joint with the interior side dentated above, subserrulated beneath. Eyes very large, kidney-shaped, much and abruptly thickerthan their peduncle. Legs ten ; anterior pair largest, unequal, didactyle ; second and third pairs filiform, didactyle ; fourth and fifth pairs filiform, terminated by acuminate claws. Abdomen six-jointed ; the sides of the segments acute. Tail with five plates ; the exterior scale articulated. The form of the eyes, and the sexual perforations, distinguish this genus from. Astacus. NEPHROPS NORVEGICUS. N. testa dorso subcarinato. Cancer Norwegicus. Linn. Syst. Nat, 1. 1053. Astacus Norwegicus. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 17. t. 12. fig. 24. Nephrops Norvegicus. Leach Edin. Encycl. vii. 400. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 344. Le Homar lettré. .Ascan. Icon. rer. natur. Tab. xxxix. Fig. 1, Nephrops Norvegicus. 2, Palpus pediformis. a The colour of the V. Norvegicus is a pale flesh-red, occasionally varied with darker colour or with whitish. ‘The grooves of the fore claws, and back of the abdomen are pale fulvous or cinereous. Eyes blackish. Sometimes the left anterior leg, and at other times the right is largest ; the internal edge of the fingers of the larger leg being knotted ; of the smaller one denticulated. In the summer months this species is very abundant, in the Frith of Forth, and is taken ad- hering to the bait of the fishermen who are employed in taking fish with lines. Fabricius, and all succeeding authors, describe this species as having but four didactyle legs, which renders their synonyms extremely doubtful: I have, therefore, refrained from. quoting them. Tab, XXXVI. PONTOPHILUS. CRANGON. Leach. Antenne superiores breviores setis duabus in e&dem feré lined horizontali insertis: seta interiore longiore. inferiores corporis longitudine setacew decrescentes, squam& ad apicem externé unidentata pedunculo annexa: articulo primo ultra medium squame producto. Palpi pediformes avticulis quatuor exsertis articulo ultimo acuminato precedente duplo feré longiore. Pedes decem: par anticum majus compressum subdidactylum ; pollice brevissimo: par secundum tenue brevissimum didactylum: par tertium tenue elongatum ungue simplici instructum : paria £ et 5 precedente crassiora unguibus compressis instructa. Abdomen 6-articulatum. Cauda pentaphylla: lamellis lateralibus angustis. Upper antenne shortest, with two sete inserted in nearly the same horizontal line ; the interior longest: under antenne as long as the body, setaceous, with a large squama at their base, with a spine in the apex externally ; the first joint produced beyond the middle of the squama. Pediform palpes with three exserted joints ; the last acuminated, and almost twice the length of the preceding joint. Legs ten: first pair longest, compressed, subdidactyle, with the thumb very short: second pair slender, very short, didactyle: third pair slender, elongate, furnished with a single claw: fourth and fifth pairs thicker than the third, and furnished with compressed claws. Abdomen six-jointed. Tail composed of five plates ; the lateral ones narrow. PONTOPHILUS SPINOSUS. Tas. XXXVII.-—-a. P. thorace lineis quinque longitudinalibus spinosis ; tribus dorsalibus ; una utrinque laterali. Crangon spinosus. Leach Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 346. Fig. 1. Pontophilus spinosus mag. nat. 2. Antenna inferior auct. 3. Antenna superior auct. 4. Pes anticus ampl. 5. Pedipalpus auct. 6. Pes secundus auct. 7. Pes tertius ampl, 8. Pes quartusauct. 9. Pes quintus amplificatus. This curious animal was discovered by C. Prideaux, Esq. amongst some rubbish dredged in the Sound of Plymouth, near the Edistone ; a second specimen was afterwards taken off Fal- mouth, by the late Mr. John Cranch, Zoologist to the Congo Expedition. Its natural color is unknown. Vat: XXXVI. A. CRANGON. CANCER. Linneé. ASTACUS. Pennant. CRANGON. Fabr., Lair., Bosc, Leach. Antenne superiores setis duabus in eddem feré linea horizontali insertis : interiore longiore. inferiores corporis longitudine setacee decrescentes squama ad apicem externé uni- dentaté pedunculo adnexa : articulo primo ad squama medium non producto. Palpi pediformes articulis quatuor exsertis: duobus ultimis longitudine zqualibus ; hdc apice obtuso. Pedes decem: par anticum majus compressum subdidactylum ; pollice brevissimo : par secun- dum elongatum tenue didactylum: par tertium tenue precedente longiore subcrassiore ungue simplici instructum: paria 4 et 5 pracedente crassiora unguibus compressis instructa. Abdomen 6-articulatum. Cauda pentaphylla : lamellis lateralibus angustis. Upper antenne with two sete inserted in nearly the same horizontal line ; the inner one longest. Under antennz as long as the body, setaceous, with a large scale, having its apex externally armed with a spine, at their base: first joint not produced to the middle of the squama. Pediform palpes with four exserted joints ; the two last equal in length ; the latter with the apex obtuse. Legs ten: anterior pair largest, compressed, subdidactyle, with the thumb very short : second pair elongate, slender, didactyle: third pair slender, longer, and rather thicker than second pair, furnished with a single claw : fourth and fifth pairs thicker than the preceding, with compressed claws. Abdomen six-jointed. Tail composed of five plates ; the lateral ones narrow. CRANGON VULGARIS. Tan. XXX VIL=z. C. thorace pone rostrum et utrinque brachiisque infra unispinosis. Cancer Crangon. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 1052. Astacus Crangon. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 20. Crangon vulgaris. Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 410. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect. 1. 55. Bose Hist. Nat. des Crust. ii. 96. Leach Edinb. Encyl. vii. 401. Pl. 221. fig. 5. - Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 346. —- Encycl. Britt. Suppl. i. 421. Fig. 1. Crangon vulgaris mag. nat. 2. Antenna inferior aucta. auct. 4. Pedipalpus auctus. 5. Pes anticus auctus. tertius auct. $8. Pes quartus ampl. 3. Antenna superior 6. Pes secundus amplificatus. 7. Pes 9. Pes quintus auct. 10. Cauda ampl. Crangon vulgaris, or Common Shrimp, inhabits most of the sandy shores of the British Seas, often entering estuaries, especially during the breeding season: it sometimes ascends rivers with the tide, and is left in great quantities in the saline marshes. at-FARVL. B. CRAGNON FASCIATUS. Tas. XXXVII. ec. Fic. 1. C. pedum secundo pari filiforme, quam primum et tertium breviore minuté didactyle, abdomine ad articulum quartum subité contracto, fusco latifasciato. Spina sterni obsoleta. Cragnon fasciatus, /isso, Crust. de Nice, t. III. f. 5, p. 82. The colour of this shrimp resembles that of the common species, excepting in the dark markings on the second and third and a brown band across the fourth segment of the abdomen. The fourth segment contracts rather suddenly, and the fifth and sixth are comparatively short and narrow. ‘The sternal spine, sharp and strong in the common shrimp, is almost obsolete in this species. The first specimens found on our coast were taken in Salcombe Bay in Devonshire. ALPHEUS. ASTACUS, Fabricius. ALPHEUS, Fabricius, Leach, Latreille. Antenne externe subtus et extus internas locate, palpo lamellari angusto et acuminato. Antenne interne setis duabus terminantibus seta superiori quam inferior crassiuscula, articulo basali brevi, squama spinifermi munito. Pedipalpi externi angusti, elongati. Pedum par primum magnum inequale didactyle; par secundum filiforme, didactyle, tenuissimo, carpo multiarticulato ; paria altera attenuata, monodactyla. Testa antice super oculos arcuatim producta. Abdomen elongatum. EXTERNAL ANTENN#& placed underneath and outside internal; laminar flap narrow and acuminated. Internal antenne ending in two sete; upper seta rather thicker than under, basal joint short, provided with a spiniform scale. External pedipalps narrow, elongated. First pair of feet large, unequal, didactyle; second pair filiform, very thin, didactyle, with multiarcutate wrist. Carapace produced in an arch over the eyes. Abdomen elongated. C ALPHEUS RUBER. Tap. XXXVI. e Fie 8. A. rostro parvo, antennc externe spina basali nulla brachiis spin’ minuta prope extremitatem, ad marginem superiorem manu majori quadricarinato ; digito mobili quam altera breviori. Alpheus ruber. Edwards, Hist. Crust. 11, p. 251. Fig. 2. Alpheus ruber. The first specimens procured in this country were taken from the stomachs of cod-fish near Falmouth. The species was long previously known as inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea. ‘The general form is that of a shrimp, but in the front pair of feet the hands are enormously large and quite dissimilar in form and character, the larger having scarcely any hairs, but strong tubercles on the nippers, and the smaller having those organs lanceolate and hirsute. PASIPH AA. ALPHAUS, Risso. PASIPHAMA, Savigny, Leach, Risso. Antenne externe subtus internas locate. Antenne interne pedunculo attenuato, setis filiformibus duabus inzequalibus. Palpi pediformes elongati ad basim, squama laminata muniti. Pedum paria primo et secundo didactyla; paria 3, 4, 5 attenuata, monodacty la. Testa elongata, lateraliter compressa, anticé angustata. Abdomen 6-articulatum, elongatissimum, valde compressum. Cauda pentaphylla, lamellis lateralibus angustis. External antenne placed beneath the internal, which have an attenuated peduncle with two filiform unequal sete. Pedipalps long, with a laminated scale at the base. First and second pairs of feet didactyle; third, fourth and fifth pairs attenuated and monodactyle. Carapace elongated, laterally compressed, narrow in front. Abdomen 6-jointed, very long, much com- pressed. ‘Tail five-flapped, side-flaps narrow. PASIPHHA SIVADO. PTGS a: P. rostro parvo, acute dentiformi; laminis externis caude quam interne longioribus. Pasiphzea sivado, Risso, Crust. Nice, t. III. f. 4. Latreille, Regne Anim. Cuv. LV. p. 99.. Pasipheea Savignyi, Leach. MS. in Brit. Mus. Fig. 3, Pasipheea Sivado. The first British specimen seen by the author (Dr. Leach) was in a collection of British Crustacea formed by Mr. J. Sowerby in his Museum at Lambeth. Others were afterwards obtained from Mr. Baker and Mr. Macandrew, taken in the Irish and Bristol Channels, and placed in Dr. Leach’s private collection. The specimen stated to have been in the British Museum under the name of P. Savignyi in the Doctor’s hand-writing, is probably the same as now appears there correctly labelled, P. Sivado. Dr. Leach probably did not notice the description by Risso, or seeing it was uncertain about the identity of the species. a writer OAD Wor eo oo daady Witiad y op fg ee ead iach oy ab Fn Lue Pay ACK PTS? 7 rat h 7 aie J cut 9 ; ae Dre, pyinih - ite ae aad Bat i Paihia y pital darifay ice ACY ut colnet eta ol igh aye a Bast) ay atic Tih inyvawie qi hae ay Hangin 7 cit ola tt wo homo ene & 5-4 oh tian Patan lie hice Ih E Mahuinie ‘cnt fie tre oeconaeyatiat ; : ei eee ey OGL Aaah athe hppa aetna | n : al wort pt go" ‘ 06 SATs hey TSE the spd taille Fe Wl aoe Te as ee we by atom biiiatual wie wulind an finhitk | ui) Vege ef Maluinae fam faidnyatin wile i (Te Sita ibpogut ertil met d 1 Rh 0 Datiinh de Haunt Te. Baie Dee ae i 7 Pie? ah Wy folge hal (boat 4 cael 1) = v) ay : rae | 7 LEAL AEE A A aT | ore aryl mle) “abun Aas eli vat niheatr Ae Ph Pe ah vii. & BLL Ba aol Hash g oH ui devil te Sink J Reade an . ca) Meal NS See ae aii (Omid NE) nium, Te ay : os il aide aa hide at | tintin io a al. lt eel eE ‘ sh aut ) Witla, Prid hbi Addl Ch faite ban daved ait ae tea jtad edit Soll alt farm | i id ina ila hk UCP aan ape ar fyihlete eee Wa ad peal a“ - iy . a fot ll ve yin sanah ott salto dee hilt sTealevlag tapi AS abay . 2 Aapyiny bell ¥ iyi alt tae Sal, XXXVIEC. MYSIS SPINULOSUS. Fig, 4-6. M. lamina centrali caude bifurcata; rostro obtuso, longitudine trientem pedunculi oculorum eequante. Mysis spinulosus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. XI. p. 350, Desmarest, Edwards, &c. Mysis Leachii et Mysis Chameeleon, Tomson, Bell, &c. (postea, Ed.) Fig. 4, Mysis spinulosus, Mag. auct. 5, cauda. 6, pes duplicatus quintus. The present editor believes that Professor Bell, persuaded as he was of the identity of Leach’s species with the M. Chameleon of Thomson, ought to have followed Desmarest, Edwards, &c. in retaining Leach’s name. The reason given for departing from the law of priority in this instance, namely, that the term “ spinulosus” applies to other species of the genus, is quite insufficient. The species has the middle joint of the tail bifurcate. 4l+ MYSIS INTEGER. Eres 7.0: M. caudex lamina centralé lanceolata, apice integro ; rostro brevi, longitudine trientem pedunculorum oculorum zequanti. Squama antennarum testam longitudine quanti. Mysis integer, Leach, —? MS. Mus. Brit. Mysis vulgaris, Thomson, Zool. Researches, p. 30, t. 1, Edwards, &e. Fig. 7, Mysis integer. 8, cauda. Professor Bell having been able to quote Dr. Leach’s description of this species shews it to have been published somewhere, although we do not know in what work. The specimen in the British Museum named in Dr. Leach’s handwriting, has the peculiarity mentioned as distinguish- ing M. vulgaris from M. spinulosus, namely, that the middle flap of the tail is single-pointed and not divided into two lobes. arias iam Sie ve Dl Miri ae be malls didiliatrgrnf oaumibe, GWaean whores Shiney Aa ni ives fey Awkt eal % 14 Ae8 oee., cee Ay Cae nba ak Mu, Maanite Wig titel ial ait if wiaailiiol wii HP My wee Riueiy wt pres = pabsaieh >) (del ald alt ee OG he Pral id has ‘Colt -teabttant teife advaliad aa ar Ae ee Nea Riedl iat aad al Hue wentad> i Mabumdy T a pee Ad ely Nee Te eR Ault mba) waco Wie iy ihe ai al bat A al we Mea) 9 yw Mags, ita ti TO ‘itty OY Burt py Sd i , An fad lt Py ni ee o ih at i) &! Ak ehiee Ve: . > 7 aT ae x ie ' - wel Aa mhiyt ari tiabewngol irre kun hey iy Paige osha i i ieee 4b Piya hh je db be Sad a ai olf, mad elt ade ; “hada ea Oh aly fiaboll, lire wali | ames | y Miahy toi die OP Vermeer se sabeg tune F etl rok at ili te ‘oe wit WF pega’ Seeray ae ub met tn of ee yatta vt i eel ali ee ee ec) s 0) wheal oie! 44 yl bees ad fesbel vy) igiee ce idl oi) Var meit Bh ey oti inde si anhlt pant r iit “wn abil ais - ta , ‘ fy. i - 1 + - a) ee is oll hg i HIPPOLYTE. HIPPOLYTE. Leach. Antenne superiores breviores setis duabus: superiore infra excavata, inferiores corpore longiores setacew decrescentes, squama ad apicem externe unidentata pedunculo annexa. Palpi pediformes articulis tribus exsertis ; ultimo penultimo multo longiore apice spinuloso : primo longo a basi ad medium emarginato. Pedes decem: par anticum didactylum breve equale: par secundum inaquale didactylum ; carpo multi-articulato : paria tertium, quartum et quintum simplicia (magnitudine sub- decrescentia) unguibus interne spinulosis instructa, Abdomen 6-articulatum ; articulo secundo utrinque infra antice et postice producto ; articulo tertio postice gibboso-producto. Cauda pentaphylla; processu medio spinis in lineas duas longitudinales digestis ; apice spinulifere, Generis Divistones. * Pedipalpi articulo ultimo apice oblique truncato, antenne superiores basi spina instructe. Cauda lamella intermedia medio supra utrinque bi-spinosa. ** Pedipalpi articule ultimo fasciculato-piloso. Antenne superiores basi lamella spini- Jormi instructe. Cauda lamella intermedia supra utrinque 4-spinosa. Superior antennz shortest, with two sete: the upper one excavated beneath. Inferior antenne longer than the body, setaceous, with a lamella at their base, which is unidentated at its apex externally. Pediform palpes with three exserted joints: the last much longer than the second: the first notched from its base to the middle. Legs ten; the anterior pair short and didactyle; the second didactyle and unequal, with the wrist many-jointed ; the other pairs simple, decreasing in size: the claws spinulose within. Abdomen six-jointed; the second joint on each side beneath produced ; the third joint behind gibbosely produced. ‘Tail with five plates; the middle one with spines arranged into two longitudinal lines. Divisions oF THE GENUS. * Last joint of pediform palpi, with tts apex obliquely truncated. Upper antenne with a spine at their base. Middle process of the tail above with four spines. ** Last joint of pediform palpi with fasciculi of hairs. Upper antenne with a spini- form lamella at their base, Niddle process of the tail with eight spines above. Montagu sent to me Hippolyte varians, the type of this genus, as his Cancer astacus eibbosus, (Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 91, t. 5, f.4,) but he afterwards informed me, by letter, that his figure and description had been made from mutilated specimens, of what he had since ascertained to be a very distinct species, and requested me to take the earliest opportunity to correct his mistake. HIPPOLYTE PRIDEAUXIANA. Tas. XXXVIII.---Fig. 1, 3, 4, et 5. IJ. («) rostro acuminato apicem versus subtus uni-serrato. Fig. 1. Hippolyte Prideauxiana mag. nat. 3. Pedipalpus externus auctus. A. Pes se- cundi paris auctus. 5. Rostrum amplificatum. Mr. Charles Prideaux discovered this species near Bantham, on the southern coast of Devon, and communicated it to me, along with a vast number of very curious Crustacea. HIPPOLYTE MOORII. Tas. XXXVIIL.---Feg. 2. H. (+) rostro acuminato ante medium subtus bi-serrato. Fig. 2. Hippolyte Moorii mag. nat. This species was found by Mr. ‘Thomas Moore, amongst some rubbish dredged in the Ply- mouth Sound, and was given to me by Mr. C. Prideaux. HIPPOLYTE VARIANS. Tas. XXXVIIL.---Fg. 6---16. H. (+) rostro acuminato ante medium subtus bi-serrato ; pone medium etadapicem supra uni- serrato. Hippolyte varians. Leach Edinb. Encycl. viii. 432. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 347. Encyel. Brit. Supp. i. 421. Fig. 6. Hippolyte varians mag. nat. (7 ad 16 aucte.) 7. Antenna superior. 8. An- tenna exterior. 9. Pedipalpus. 10. Pedum par primum. Il. Pedum par secundum. 12. Par tertium cum illius ungue. 13. Par quartum. 14. Par quintum. 15. Cauda. 16. Rostrum. Hippolyte varians is found in profusion in pools amongst the rocks, on the South-Western coast of Devon and Cornwall. It is very variable in colour, occurring with every shade of green, and of every tint between reddish and liver-brown. ee HIPPOLYTE CRANCHI. Tan, XXXVIII.... Fig. 17---21. HI. (««) rostro supra tri-serrato ; apice emarginato : lacinia superiore longiore. Fig. 17. Hippolyte Cranchii mag. nat. 18. Pedipalpus auctus. 19. Pedum par secun- dum. 20. Pedum par tertium. 21. Rostrum. Mr. John Cranch discovered this species on the southern point of the Saltstone, in the Kingsbridge Estuary, where it has likewise been observed by C. Prideaux, Esq. TAdXXXVII, u x L0 “ Ni LS M9 sb iee ae VE Ses 7 ' ost - 5 — ome, 5 ae i Be — 4 S Avyeseou A ery erent Leers Wea eel w wa ahs Aarcvun Fh ileal ng ’ yee wey - rote 7 ws ; i _ - ae oe a iin ». ‘Saal h? yore Wry ral lig Sy q i > pages | My iy! “Wal ve ii 5s det : Tah ad 1 PR 4 ah) MESES POR. ~ . ay ; ‘eienaye rrr Wervrer 4 ra: } , ar AaPPOTA TF CR ANC, .- , ‘ i mie at i - wr OAT ie te ving Airs ' pi) awe Mi ‘pie tag ayia tie ve Pj , \ F ‘ i¥ , 10 nme Les coi nint tn on sition: ‘ k 5 baived) ea.) alerts s 1 — : 7 a » VL , - a aw on > ~ Coan <1) 3 ew ' * ? ‘eg : 7 a bat - 1 a - » ey, wi ? ia) 7 ve ny iy. - \ 7 .Y ‘ 7 bl ad | ra 4 \ q ‘3 i ‘ kal dae | - | * S ADMBATHWOS aTYI0CNI 1) A Eaaee 4 Seve ae alse re Sa OT ious kos Gakcaulaall UTS wy | Rp helt » nile, tO. aru : ‘alps ; ; ; Le fom ~ sae f pagent = d a A aitieiayian awe Solid woes, Zoe Gy Wipe yrec ondi ergy ‘oe hh 5 9 ate i pettiinn om whol i. a Keig! quusink (s orp ae alerted > «: OO Mae clomep ut OR seid e 4 ‘even " a we ah OW feoryp “eal alt ni hneirrii tris frotlinenall Selig sealvrvanine. ~ ny Coed A 9d) beh nan Di aime Aeon Tele nll G07) 31 byes otter . oy pe ie rom dinbie7—084 bios vid &) eavitiornaes 4 vin ead duty Persie sth puivity meds oT. | oe ee en. Be 1 ist Disha where ithe HIPPOLYTE SOWERBA. Tap. XXXIX, H. (««) rostro alto obtuso supra multi-serrato, apice emarginato serrulato ; subtus uni-serrato. Cancer spinus. Sowerby Brit. Misc. Tab. 2. - Alpheus spinus. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 431. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 347, Encycl. Brit. Suppl. i. 421. Fig. |. Hippolite Sowerbei mag. nat. (Partes sequentes sunt amplificate.) 2. An- tenna superior. 3. Antenna inferior. 4, Pedipalpus. 5. Pedum par anticum. 6. Pes se- cundus. 7. Pes tertius. 8. Pes quartus. 9. Pes quintus. 10. Cauda. H. Sowerbei was first described and figured in the above quoted work, by Mr. Sowerby, who received it from the Scottish coast, where it was found by Mr. Simmons, a young man who has since fallen a sacrifice to his zeal for Natural History in the West Indies. The imperfect specimen from whence the annexed figure is taken, was sent to me by my liberal friend P. Neill, Esq. who took it out of the boat of a fisherman at Newhaven, in the Frith of Forth, and kept it alive in sea water for several days, Mr. Neill informed me that he had not met with one of this species for fifteen years. co” Vib, XXXLX, ai ue a i fy LLC ea Week AD by vii ieee : PANDALUS. PANDALUS. Leach. Antenne superiores breviores setis duabus bifidis; pedunculus 3-articulatus, articulo primo majore ad oculorum receptionem excavato et sub oculis externe foliaceo-producto ; articulis secundo tertioque brevioribus equalibus: seta superior brevior a basi usque ad medium incrassata et ad inferioris receptionem excavata: Inferiores corpore longiores, setacew, decrescentes, squama ad apicem externe unidentata pedunculo annexa. Palpi pediformes articulis tribus exsertis, articulis primo longiore a basi usque ad medium interne emarginato, secundo breviore, ultimo acuminato apice spinuloso. Pedes deeem: par anticum adactylum, articulo extimo acuminato, simplici; par secundum didactylum inequale, hdc longissimo, tenuissimo carpo, cubito et brachiorum apice multi- articulatis; illd breviore, crassiore carpo cubitoque apice multi-articulatis ; paria tertium, quartum et quintum simplicia (magnitudine subdecrescentia) unguibus interne spinulosis instructa. > Abdomen 6-articulatum, articulis secundo infra antice et postice ad latera producto, tertio postice gibboso-producto. ; Cauda pentaphylla; processibus externo externe bidentato; medio elongato apice basi duplo an- gustiore, spinis mobilibus instructo, dorsoque spinulis in lineas duas longitudinales digestis. Superior antenne with two sete ; the peduncle three-jointed, the first joint longest excavated above to receive the eyes and produced beneath the eyes into a leaf-like process, the second and third joints shorter and equal in length; the upper seta shortest, thickened from the base to the middle, excavated beneath for the reception of the inferior seta: superior antenna longer than the body, setaceous, and gradually decreasing towards their extremities, furnished at their base with a large scale, having its external point unidentate. Feet-like palpi with three exserted joints, the first of which is longest, excavated from the base to the middle; the second joint is shortest, the last acuminate with the apex spinose. Legs ten; first pair simple, adactyle; the second pair unequal, didactyle; one being very long and slender with the wrist, fore-arm and apex of the arm many-jointed, the other moderately long and thicker, having the wrist and apex of the fore-arm many-jointed ; the three other pairs simple (slightly diminishing in size) furnished with nails which are spinulose within. Abdomen six-jointed, the second joint with its lower sides behind and before produced; the third joint gibbous behind. Tail composed of five plates, the external process externally bidentate, the middle process with the apex (only half the breadth of the base) armed with moveable spines, the upper part also with two rows of spines arranged longitudinally. PANDALUS ANNULICORNIS. Tas. XL. P. rostro multidentato ascendente apice emarginato; antennis inferis rubro amnulatis, interne spinulosis. Fig. 1, Pandalus annulicornis mag. nat. 2, antenna superior amplificata. 3, antenna infer. magnif. 4, Palpus pediformis amp. 5, Pes anticus adactylus, 6 et 7, Pedum par secundum. 8, Pes tertii paris. 9, Pes quart. paris. 10, Pes quinti paris. 11, Unguis amplificatus. 12 et 13, Abdominis segmenti antici organa sexuum differentias forte exhibentia? 14, Cauda amplificata. This highly interesting species was discovered in Zetland, and in St. Andrew’s Bay, Scotland, by the Rev. Dr. Fleming, who most kindly gave me the specimens I originally described in the Edinburgh Encyclopedia. It was observed also by Montagu, who found it on the coast of Devon; and by Mrs. D. Turner it was noticed at Yarmouth, and pointed out to Mr. J. D. C. Sowerby, as distinct from the common prawn. It is used at Yarmouth as an article of food; and is at that place so much esteemed for the table, as to afford constant employment during the summer season to several fishermen, who take it in abundance at a considerable distance from the shore, and name it from that circumstance the sea-shrimp. I have seen but one living specimen, which was taken at the junction of the rivers Tamer and Tavy in Devon: the whole animal was cinereous; antenne alternately annulated with red and whitish; pediform palpi and four anterior legs spotted with deep red, the other legs with light red; thorax and abdomen speckled with red, the former on each side with two streaks, composed of red spots, placed on a testaceous ground, the latter also with several oblique streaks of a similar color. The last joint of the pediform palpi is very bristly, and the spines at the apex are strong: the spines on the upper part of the middle process of the tail, in all the specimens that I have seen, were ten in number: the denticulations on the upper part of the rostrum begin at the base, and are continued a little beyond the middle, and in some instances to within a third from the apex: the left of the second pair of legs, in those examined, was longest; between the eye and the squama of the inferior antenna, is a small spine. TAB,XI. j ; ! by) ieee ey eebtndy yh) Bality sf Wee He ieiales ee Ek at Ph ag Lit ea Ne ait Piya lit ] feed, Rin ai am ‘a i f ips ty it aed oy iy Se ‘ ; Le at 7 ") fl iy: vie ii lip Shas pt ane i aaah D a oh Ye i ie f | aa j lal yl thy! ee ia ei : (bed he ib ee a voy fy as od 7m a Ri oe fy H i mae" wus Seve Phe 1/4 Oy, Ae meg eh ve, Gi bid hy 4 ‘yyy! Aeetaag alate af, et . wide he . ue ts bil a i a a estan uy wile re a > pt iy B®, oo : es Pe a kilt ee iN igs | lol ae * POP ete & PROCESSA. Antenne superiores breviores setis duabas in eadem, fere linea horizontali insertis, seta interiore longiore: pedunculus 3-articulatus articulé primd longiore; ultimd breviore. Inferiores corpore longiores, setacee decrescentes, squamd ad apicem externe unidentat6d pedunculo annexa. Palpi pediformes articulis quatuor exsertis, secundd longissimo ad basin interné subabrupte emarginato. Pedes decem; par anticum pede und didactylé, alterd monodactylo; par secundum inequale, didactylum tenue, hdc longissimo carpd cubitéque multi-articulatis, illd breviore carpd multi-articulat6: paria tertium, quartum et quintum unguibus acutis, simplicibus instructa. Abdomen 6-articulatum, segmento secundo infra anticé et posticé producto. Cauda pentaphylla; processibus externis bipartitis parte exteriore mobili. Superior antenne shortest, with two sete placed in nearly the same horizontal line; the interior seta largest: peduncle with three joints, the first of which is the largest, the third the shortest: inferior antenne setaceous and larger than the body, furnished at their base with a large scale, having its external point unidentate. Pediform palpi with four exserted joints; the second joint very long, somewhat abruptly emarginate at its base internally. Legs ten; anterior pair with one leg didactyle, the other monodactyle; second pair unequal, one being very long, having its wrist and fore-arm composed of many joints, the other having the wrist only jointed: third, fourth, and fifth pair furnished with sharp simple claws. Abdomen six-jointed, the second segment beneath anteriorly and posteriorly produced. Tail composed of five plates; the external plate composed of two parts, separated by a hinge-joint. The discovery of the species constituting this most curious and interesting genus, is the result of Montagu’s indefatigable labors. The circumstance of the legs on different sides of the same animal being different in length is not an uncommon occurrence in several crustaceous genera, but this is the first instance in which the legs ef opposite sides have been found to differ in essential structure. PROCESSA CANALICULATA. Tas. XLI. P. rostro basi unidentato; cauda lamella intermedia longitudinaliter canaliculata. Fig. 1, animal mag. nat. 2, antenna inferior amplificata. 3, antenna inferior aucta. 4, pedipalpus auctus. 5 et 6, pedum par anticum ampl. 7 et 8, pedum par secundum auctum. 9, pes tertii paris auc. 10, pes quarti paris auct. 11, pes quinti paris auc. 12, Caude processus exterior auctus. Montagu * discovered a single specimen of the above species at Torcross in the Southern coast of Devon, and with his usual liberality sent it to me for this work. The thighs of the third and fourth pair of legs are spinulous beneath; at the base of the rostrum there is an elevation dividing it from the thorax or shell; the rostrum has evidently been broken, so that its exact direction is not known, although I suspect it to have been naturally bent abruptly downwards. ‘The tip of the middle tail process is also broken. * Since writing the above, I have received intelligence of the death of this most zealous Zoologist, in whom science has lost an able supporter—the world an accomplished gentleman—and his friends a most valuable com- panion and correspondent. His Testacea Britannica and Ornithological Dictionary, not to mention his numerous papers published in the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, leave proofs of his industry and research that will cause his name ever to be remembered and respected by British Zoologists. Wee still hope to see his observations on the British Mollusca and Vermes, which have long been prepared for publication, Gob: ar 10 = a aay ate UNE - ‘i ; ahs ta licsaie’h i ne bull A No oa whe iaatalasiig Xty wee ate itis t "iliigad Bindi abet ear: vilisiaet ppt t) rnchepsin iQinry mega *s ‘lie find ba mibclieiiets wie ees one i diane. Aiiatoniion fasten iqun Ligberd sl ta ‘geval an “acooties isbn. “rrulot tes ore ple : PR WAN alter iiaghiity estivelti gt ‘toned Ws eimaiepe awe coygual ig dhaior optiowontes _ enilhcspiebede le fw, oa STs sie apok nena $A, il yh sldiw ig’ Mstoios xa er ek suslio aig, sti my rie eoranide wine eum eA, ms pm RAS. ant? “sage wage shee hac Sn ag od me Dial ae a anibece Soria cis ee aoe vid om 8 ewan eid dd i @ Pi y ' . be 7 \ f 4) A = i ie te | . a A Ps 44 7 , 1 \ - 4 ¥ 7 fh : 1 * ovat : ae ! a bh ian erat d 4 ®. a a an . , paler > Bitek 4 ia he : Jes, - * ; ; ater ta msi = Are Se ig dnpemn tony inal noni — errs ; i’ i com = me on" eoputen nh ie Reosiibs Till he vine olemidas efipaibass, . ogee: ech apart ons ‘pills siiualica! sn) i Mmitytombib ene MEO DR aR; ee es ae ee an stations imilgmie ougru xijliteiadoy wile sien + ondesiae-iiigm 5 ae % BA tak Ahepe, seta + tunity dggaprroy, ssiqa suslnoiie® sah Ue, ee SS ee . * Seco: mt . se ale i gr kee hic. nt latapetienedien gos | go of < eudaly ovli ioe asijn cat ‘(verdad weeks "ele Sgt se tel me x oe Dane cols “ee ios clean ial oer ; — * ; ie ¢ ay 7 weer a =. park i= © J is . Y i ata 7 ‘ . i a — : _ Bes oe oa enaoenTIK aaneern | _ ss | oe aaa os ae ee S6P iv gow 9663 Domed. Aesenatin PP a oe ie, ey O88 fz. .90% ee eet —— ee ee Pe te ASk Mane et ogi ee ie ee € avineqie boos gacrin a 2 Ane “ayn eanacbabla eon. tate 4 i M pe ee “ae ae ee: vous in al - mara cee Siang cn ON ne ery rae ous ts wl Besccc? 2 ewan? he a Yo i tea ona pul Ot ai duse. Jollw sobs sitl sf semen ‘iter 1. cate. a | fs ci a , ‘ = es * ou a i a 5 . Pay | ‘ os “ll. < ‘ fi ATHANAS. ATHANAS. Leach. Antenne superiores setis tribus instructe : inferiores corpore subbreviores setacew, basi squama magna apice externé unidentata instructe. Pedipalpi articulo ultimo penultimo longiore. Pedes decem ; par anticum majus didactylum ; par secundum aliis gracilius didactylum, carpo multi-articulato: paria alia consimilia ungue simplici terminata. Abdomen 6-articulatum apice pentaphyllum : lamella exteriore bipartita. Testa anticé rostro terminata. Upper antenne terminated by three sete : under ones setaceous, rather shorter than the body, and furnished at their base with a large scale, having a tooth on its external apex. Pedipalpes with their last joint longer than the preceding joint. Legs ten ; anterior pair largest didactyle ; second more slender than the others, didactyle, the wrist many-jointed ; other legs alike and terminated by a simple claw. Abdomen six-jointed ; the apex with five plates ; the exterior one composed of two parts. Shell anteriorly terminated by a rostrum, ATHANAS NITESCENS. Tas. XLIV. A. rostro recto inermi. Cancer (.Astacus ) nitescens. Montagu, MSS. Palemon nitescens. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 401. Athanas nitescens. Leach Edinb. Encycl. vii. 432. — Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 349. Encyel. Britan. Suppl. i. 421. Fig. 1. Athanas nitescens mag. nat. 2. A.nitescens auctus. 3. Antenna superior auct. 4. Antenna inferior auct. 5. Pedipalpus auctus. 6. Pes anticus auctus. 7. Pes ‘secundus auctus. 8. Pes tertii paris auct. 9. Quarti paris ampl. 10. Quinti paris ampl. Athanas nitescens is occasionally found in pools left by the tide amongst the rocks on the coasts of Devon and Cornwall. It was discovered by Montagu, who sent it to me under the specific title mitescens ; the reason for this name is unknown. Lat -XLIV. = NO FIs ge SQUILLA. SQUILLA, Rondelet, Fabricius, Latreille, Leach. CANCER, Herbst. Segmentum antennarum mobile, fere quadrilaterale. Antenneé externe ad latera segmenti, subtus testee marginem anticum insert. Pedum thoracis par primum magnum, complanatum digito prehensili elongato, mobile, dentibus tenuibus armatis armato munitum; paria 2, 3, 4, manu rotundo unidigitato ; paria 5, 6, 7, parvis, tenuibus articulo antepenultimo appendici styliformi munito. Testa longior quam lata, sulcis duobus longitudinalibus divisa. Abdomen arcuatum, elongatum, segmentis novem. Cauda flabelliformi, segmenti mediano lato, dentato. Antenual segment moveable, almost quadrilateral. External antenne fixed at the sides of the segment, inserted under the anterior margin of the carapace; first and second joints of the peduncle short, the second with an elongated ciliated plate. First pair of thoracic feet large and flat, provided with a long, moveable, prehensile finger armed with thin curved teeth. Second, third, and fourth pairs with a round, flattened single-fingered hand; fifth, sixth pairs thin, small, antepenultimate joint provided with a styliform appendage. Carapace oblong, divided by two longitudinal grooves. Abdomen arched, elongated, with nine segments. ‘Tail fan-shaped, with the middle segment broad, toothed. SQUILLA MANTIS. Ape Ve, Exe: 1-3: S. abdomine longitudinaliter octo-cristata; cristis centralibus approximatis. Pedum pari primi digiti prehensili sex-dentata. Cancer (Mantis) digitalis, Herbst, II. t. xxxii. f. 1, p. 9, e. Squilla mantis, Zondelet, Poissons II. t. xxxui. p. 397, Latreille, Hist. Crust. VI. t. 55, f. 3. Fig. 1, Squilla mantis. 2, Pes secundus. 3, Manus. The prehensile claw of this crustacean is very curious. It is capable of beg bent back, with its elegantly curved teeth into a groove in the long flattened hand. The groove has a little notch to receive the point of each tooth. There are also three moveable teeth at the extremity of the hand. The seizing and retaining power of this apparatus must be very considerable. The Squilla mantis, tolerably common in the Mediterranean, occurs but rarely on the south-western coasts of Great Britain. SQUILLA DESMARESTII. Fic. 4. S. abdomine ad latera longitudinaliter cristatum medio levigato, segmenti penultimo octocristato ; digito prehensili quinque-dentato. Squilla Desmarestii, Fzsso, Crust. Nice, t. 11, f. 8, p. 114, Couch, Corn. Faun. p. 81. Fig. 4, Squilla Desmarestii. Like the preceding, this species is common in its Mediterranean home, while it occurs but rarely on the British coast. It differs from S. mantis in the central arch of the abdominal segments being uncrested, and in having five instead of six long teeth on the prehensile finvo~ Jab. X LW. No. XIL (Price oven Shillinéy und Bxpenes colored, aud Six Shillings plain) MALACOSTRACA PODOPHTHALMA es BRITANNLE; OR DESCRIPTIONS OF ‘THE BRITISH SPECIES OF. Crabs, Lobsters, Prawns, AND OF OTHER ; MALACOSTRACA WITH. PEDUNCULATED EYES, “RY » WILLIAM ELFORD LEACH; M.D. F.L.S. & W.S. Kellow ns the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and of. the Royal Colles of Surgeons, and of the Sie, ms chirurgical pete of London, &e. : ILLUSTRATED ye _ WITH: COLORED FIGURES. OF ALL THE SPECIES, BY JAMES SOWERBY, F.L.S. G/S).W.S. &c.. Ree Mevsrath Member of the: Ph; isical Society of Gottingen ; Author of English. Fungi, British Mineralogy, Erenc ey: Mineral Conchology, a Botanical Dri ewing-Book, a New Elucidation of Colors ; : : Propr tetor of Eriatish Batanys Xe. fa London; © PRINTED BY W. ARDING, OLD BOSWELL COURT, CAREY STREET ; - - PUBLISHED BY JAMES SOWERBY, No. 2, MEAD PLACE, LAMBETH. Noy. I, 1816. ADVERTISEMENT. Tars Work will consist of twelve or fourteen Numbers (one Number to be published every 3 Seep two Months), which will form, when complete, one hanes -thick Volume: s Although this Work is to be published miscellaneously, yet the Plates are numbered,” to ae é “ enable the Purchaser to arrange it systematically, when complete. Cte eee The following species, viz. Astacus Arctus, and Mantis of Pennant, seem to have been’ introduced into the British Fauna on slender authority, and fragments. of a. species of the ae genus Sguilla which were found by the late Mr. Boys in a Torbay trawl-boat, are preserved in gE the cabinet of Montagu : information therefore on these or on other species is very desirable, — and we shall feel obliged to any Naturalist who shall render us any, assistance in making this. publication as cobilete as oie. , 3 The mode of obtaining Crustacea is easy ; Crab and Prawn-Pits, also the rubbish taken Re: & from the bottom of the sea by dredgers, shouldbe carefully examined, as either new or rare Be species often occur, and are rejected by the Fishermen asuseless ; when obtained they should be immersed in fresh water, for the’ purpose of extracting the salt, after which they should be ko im the shade, and if possible, in a draft of air. bei ie No. XVII. i : oF aes - (Price Baveu Shillings and Sixpence colored, and Six Shillings plain) | MALACOSTRACA PODOPHTHALMA Panes ible ae ~ BRITANNIE; PCN | DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BRITISH SPECIES OF Crabs, Lobsters, Prawns, Se Lae * mi {itt a Sete te ; AND OF OTHER -MALACOSTRACA WITH PEDUNCULATED EYES, a | Deas aoe oo ay "WILLIAM ELFORD LEACH, M. D. FR. s CBOE. Sok We Sac EX Fallow x ihe Foal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and of the Royal College of ‘Surgeons of London ; correspondent ¥ hee ord of the Museum, anil Philomatic Society of Paris ; ; of the Berlin Society of Naturalists, ers _ and of the Academy of Natural Sciences of erg §e. iy ‘ Ye oN 3 3 es 2 See ILLUSTRATED i wita ‘COLORED. FIGURES OF. ALL THE SPECIES, iG: BY hoe aes ASS JAMES SOWERBY, B.L.S. G.S. W.S. &. © Honorary Member of ae Physical Spcsety of Gottingen; Author of English Fung:, British Mineralogy, Erotic ” ef i Mineralogy, ae Concholozy, a Botanical Drawing-Book, a New Elucidation of Colors ; Ge ae s Ee ays ae ome peer of English Botany, &c. yg sie Soe ae ae 4 r atte : ais ‘ 7 : 2 ‘ * = = X He : Pee : : i 7 : > onion : s ats a ae 4: § Pus PRINTED BY we ARDING, OLD BOSWELL COURT, CAREY STREET. Meares Eee oc "PUBLISHED BY JAMES SOWERBY, No. 2, MEAD PLACE, LAMBETH. Hee fre # Marca 1, 1820. ADVERTISEMENT. Wouen this Work commenced, it was the intention of the Author to have completed itin twelve or fourteen numbers, but the discovery of several new species has rendered this impossible; and he will, consequently, be under the necessity of extending it to nineteen — numbers, one of which will be published as usual, on the first day of every second month, and the new matter will be introduced in such a manner as not to disturb the systematic. arrangement of the work, which, when completed, will form one volume; to which © some general remarks on the British Crustacea, andan Index of Synonyms will be added. — Although the Work is to be published miscellaneously, yet the plates are s0 numbered, as to enable the purchaser to arrange it systematically, when complete, ase A ." Soya Meter 2 a & . Ae Memeo a ee ¥ x ¢ " , aa \. ‘ f : Nos. XVIII. & XIX. Price two guineas. BRITAN N LE; OR DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BRITISH SPECIES OF ss @rvabs, Bobsters, BB rawirs, AND OF OFHER MALACOSTRACA WITH PEDUNCULATED EYES, BY “WILLIAM ELFORD LEACH, M.D. F.R.S. F.L.8. W.S, &e. ILLUSTRATED WITH COLORED FIGURES OF ALL THE SPECIES, BY JAMES oe F.LS. GS. W.S. &e. es CONTINUED AND Pee WITH A NEW E nero ara INDEX TO THE WHOLE, ~ AND SEVEN NEW PLATES, ter oe 3 © GEORGE iene SOWERBY, E.L.S. oe te anon ; | PUBLISHED yeaa QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY, ae ee nee - 1875. Library of the Museum OF COMP ARATIVE ZOOLOGY, | AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS, Founded by private subscription, tn 1861. Deposited by ALEX. AGASSIZ. No. G KO ae +4 ADVERTISEMENT. The new matter is et in such a maar, that w di the eap of the plates are filled up; the systematic ea is not disturbed ; Lonpon, 15 Priccapiuiy, W. November 1, 1875. San ie Ce : ath uit} foo? Nae 6 . Pi i a iis phe! 4 ’ ., ! L beh f, , wt ut ial (om Le il i iy 6° J ie L' on har } : " : uy j ¥ Pr + may \} my a ( =i ‘ ry a) iv iS 1 ‘ ‘ 7 iy yaa y ‘ Rite it , ‘ ? ok y, : ‘ J 5 "3 > Pat n - coee ‘ , ni oe on , Pa Oe 7 : “1 . a 4 LN u : { si Se i i ; i 4 ' is 1 = ‘ u : ie Biss 5 ae nt A oe Pr X a t i - " » i. ” : ‘ j ‘ . ro oe ofa’ Dats se Dy as OR ac o aS ni wAE hi, i f a pe rm 4h ean) vt i") ve a id ‘ i 1 7 3 1 r i J “yi i Z - he rome Pig | : ° [ oY > ' Vo I = “a j | a id _) ayy t 7 yi ; j . e 7 . ul ‘ 4 | *< iy a! i, La ae 7 } = Tt! a Pat) Hee De" ae ie a or. Ved vi at if Hie, i o hy ey i f hate ee ae mn I i eet ro A a wrN ) DA : Bre. ¢ } sy t ; ne | ¥ ; ] 7 ALY bake Wwe hea ; } ata a) day ere ee er en % > ee Be ee pare uke, my,