Gc M. L.
942.7401
T86h GENEALOGY COL! ^CTION
v. 3
1433908
rfMflUKHKDr. PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 00730 2794
NORTH RIDING RECORDS
VOLUME III., NEW SERIES
THE
NORTH RIDING RECORD SOCIETY
FOR THE
PUBLICATION OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS
RELATING TO THE
NORTH RIDING OF THE COUNTY OF YORK
VOLUME III., NEW SERIES
THE HONOR AND FOREST OF PICKERING
(Edited by ROBERT BELL TURTON, Barrister-at-Law)
LONDON
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY
1896
PRINTED BT •WOODFALL AND KINDER, LONG ACRE
1433908
patron.
THE MARQUIS OF RIPON, K.G., Lord Lieutenant
tf
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\
AND CUSTOS ROTULORUM.
THE MARQUIS OF ZETLAND.
©ourutl.
Rev. Canon ATKINSON, D.CL, Danby Parsonage. T. HUGH BELL, Red Barns, Coatham, Redcar. WILLIAM BROWN, Arncliff Hall, Northallerton. K J. H. CHAPMAN, Library Chambers, Temple, E.C.
JOHN HUTTON, M.P., Solberge, Northallerton. LAWRENCE YEOMAN, Clerk of the Peace's Office, Northallerton.
f^onorarg treasurer anfc Sbecmarg.
R. B. TURTON, 24, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
CONTENTS.
Coucher Book [Fols. 258-322] Coram Rege Rolls . Inq. p.m. of William de Vescy Wardrobe Accounts . Ancient Petitions, No. 10,022 No. 8,728 Petitions in Parliament, a.d. 1290,
,, „ „ AD. I278.
Ancient Petitions, No. 5.466
No. 14,776
No. 2,772
No. 15,315
No. 12,855
No. 7,095
No. 249
No. 266
No. 10,204
No. 6,348
No. 4,556
No. 4,557
No. 10,041
No. 2,247
No. 4,167
No. 7,985
No. 12,921
No. 189
No. 1,612
No. 7,391
No. 3,430
No. 8,109
No. 7,193
No. i, 860
No. 2,262
PAGE
I
224 229 229 231 231 232
233 234 235 236 239 24O 241 242
245 246 246
248
249 250 251 251 25t 252
253 254
255 256
257 258
ERRATA.
Page 25, line 30, for Thomas Vicar read Thomas, Vicar.
,, 37, ,, 2 from bottom, for Majorie read Marjorie.
,, 47, ,, 26, for Ebberton read Ebberston.
,, 54, ,, 4 from bottom, for Falwood read Fullwood.
,, 92, ,, 21, for allocatur read allocetur.
,, 140, ,, 12, for quiete read quieti.
,, 144, ,, 7, for possunt read possint. ,, 195, note, for tollage read tallage.
„ 197, line 8, for evacuatur read evacitetur.
,, 214, „ 32, ior judgments read judgment.
,, 214, ,, 39, after /^.r insert w/.
,, 216, „ 15, for Sancti read Sancte.
,,218, ,, 9, for qeundam read quendam.
,, 219, ,, 33, after/row insert /fo>«.
INTRODUCTION.
One or two matters in the preceding volumes call for note. At Vol. I., N.S., p. 209, the word taverned gave me some trouble. I have since found the explanation of it at Surtees Society, Vol. XXII., p. 18. It means to let or lease.
There is also a correction that I would wish to make at Vol. II., N.S., p. xxv. In mentioning that Edward II. was after his deposition committed to the custody of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, I referred to Pontefract as the Castle in which he was confined ; this should have been another of the Earl's castles — namely, Kenilworth, from which the King was afterwards removed to Berkeley Castle, where his death occurred.
The second Series of the Records is now rapidly drawing to a close. Unless there is an unexpected increase to the number of our members the next volume will be the last ; but to some extent this will be appropriate, since it will conclude the Pickering Eyre. This being so, I will pass over the general features of this volume until I have an opportunity of reviewing the Eyre as a whole, and will, in this Introduction, merely call attention to one or two points that arise incidentally.
The Officers of the Forest.
At p. 242 I have printed one of the class of documents known as Ancient Petitions, which throws a considerable amount of light upon the state of the times. In the first place the petition suggests a doubt as to the legality of the grants of Pickering to the Earl of Lancaster after Simon de Montfort's death. Pickering was part of the Crown Lands, and while the inability to alienate Crown lands is not distinctly stated, the suggestion is made that the grant was temporary only, and until other lands of equal value could be provided for Edmund ; a suggestion for which there is foundation in the language of the original grant to Earl Edmund. In this connection it must not be forgotten that it was not until the commencement of the reign of Queen Anne that an Act of Parliament (1 Anne, st. 1, c. 1) was passed, forbidding (by sect. 5) the alienation of Crown Lands. If
xii INTRODUCTION.
Pickering could in any way revert to the Crown, then it was the duty of the present possessor to keep it so that it could be restored in its original condition. This, the petition suggests, could not be done ; encroachments are being constantly made, oaks are felled, game destroyed ; things were far better when the Earl Marshall was forester in fee.
But what was far worse was the enormous power which the possession of such a forest gave to the Earl. He was in the position of a petty king ; his own men fought for him against Sir Adam Banastre ; nay, they followed him in his several rebellions against the King, and on his behalf they overawed Parliaments ; but all this was venial. They went further : they compelled those who were tenants of the King to join the Earl's tenants and fight against their liege lord.
This is, I think, the meaning of the passage ; within the district known as Pickering Lithe there were other fees besides the Lancaster fee {see, for instance, p. 195), and the Earl's officers compelled the men who held of these fees to join with those who held of the Earl. Although strictly in doing homage loyalty to the King was the tenant's first duty, and loyalty to his lord his second, yet there seems great probability that in practice the exact reverse was the usual custom, and it is certain that a great distinction was drawn between the case where a rebel simply followed his lord, and the case where he he.d directly from the King and rebelled against him.
The last complaint of the petition was against the foresters them- selves. It was a complaint which was as applicable to foresters of the King as to foresters of the Earl ; in the reigns of the Edwards the officers of the forest were they who scaled the ladder of fortune the quickest. Often strangers, like John de Monmouth, Roger de Leicester, Henry de Ripley, &c, they came, so the petition states, with nothing but their bows and arrows, and in a short time they had ousted the old families of Pickering, bought land, and settled there. This seems to me the most valuable portion of the petition as a picture of the times : historically, I doubt if it is of much value. I doubt if Simon de Montfort was ever Lord of Pickering, and if Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, was ever forester in fee of anything beyond Scalby Forest, although, on the other hand, the suggestion, at p. 207, that his bailiff, Thomas de Ebberston (see Vol. II., N.S., p. 41; was also bailiff of Pickering, does bear out this suggestion. But as to the power of the foresters there can be little doubt. It is signifi- cant to note the intimate connection between the administration of law within the honor and the management of the forest. The constable of the Castle was usually bailiff of the liberty and keeper of the forest. Take, for instance, John de Dalton, whose fate it was
INTRODUCTION. xiii
to serve in those troubled times. He is described (at Vol. II., N.S., p. 121) as the holder of the first and last office, and in the present volume (at p. 240) as the holder of the second. At the earlier passage it was his duty to account for all deer killed and oaks felled during his term of office ; at the later passage he had to execute arrests. The rents and other payments due to the Earl passed through his hands as bailiff and receiver {see Vol. II., N.S., p. 14); while as bailiff it was also for him and not for the sheriff to serve all writs and summonses within the precincts of the liberty.
The connection existed not only in respect of the chief officers, but also of the subordinates. At p. 213, infra, there is a list of the bailiffs of the Earl of Lancaster, who distrained the beasts of Sir Robert de Scarborough. Referring to the other places in the two volumes where the same names occur, it seems probable that they were all foresters and under-foresters.
It is obvious that this connection between law and hunting gave an enormous importance to the position of a forester. Not satisfied with the wages which they were paid {infra, p. 15), their constant endeavour seems to have been to have established their right to those perquisites which in other forests pertained to foresters. To one of these — namely, puture, I have often referred. This word occurs twice in the volume with a slightly different meaning. At p. 225, it is used to denote the keep of a greyhound, and at p. 227, for food provided for the poor. Elsewhere it is used to denote the right that foresters claimed to compel the inhabitants to keep gratis them and their servants on board for a certain number of days in each year. This custom is referred to in the Introduction to the " Year Book" (n-12 Ed. III., "Rolls Series," p. xxiv, 269-275), and also in the Coram Rege Roll, Hil. Term, 6 Ed. III., m. 31, with regard to Inglewood Forest.
The case in the Year Book was a claim by the forester of Inglewood against the Abbot of St. Mary's, York. He claimed food and drink at the table of the Abbot's grooms, on Friday in every week, together with the right to carry away, whenever he pleased, a flagon of the best ale in the abbot's cellar, and two tallow-candles from the abbot's chamber, a bushel of oats for his horse, and a loaf of black bread for his dog.
I do not think that this custom ever obtained any foothold at Picker- ing, although we constantly find cases {see p. 15, infra) in which foresters were attempting to set it up, and it was probably to provide against the success of any such attempts that we find the Prior of Malton, at p. 104, the Prior of Ellerton, at p. 108, and the Dean and Chapter of York, at pp. 128 and 155, all claiming to be exempt from
xiv INTRODUCTION.
it. At p. 236 a similar custom is stated to have lately arisen in the forest of Galtres. At p. 245 of the Surtees Society, Vol. LXXXIIL, we have an interesting notice of the apparent existence of the custom in the neighbouring forest of Westerdale, as John de Eure released the Abbey of Rievaulx from providing it. The date is probably that of the fourteenth century. Closely allied to the claim to have puture is the claim to collect sheaves (p. 15), as well as the claim referred to in Vol. L, N.S., p. 222, to collect hens. The tendency of the foresters to extort such presents, as a matter of right, from those residing within their jurisdiction was dealt with not only in the "Carta de Forestis " (sect. 8), but also subsequently by the Act 25 Edw. III., c. 5, sect. 7.
Another perquisite to which attention should be called is the claim when trees were given to the tenants of a manor for building purposes (housebote), &c, to have the bark and the strippings. This claim is made, at p. 82, by the foresters in fee, William de Percehay and Parnell de Kingthorpe, and allowed ; but as to trees felled for the use of the Earl the verdict, while admitting that they had been in the habit of enjoying the privilege, found that it was a mere matter of favour and not of right. A similar claim, limited to the Manor of Ebberston, was made by Robert Wyerne and Thomas Thurnef, and allowed (p. 122, infra). At first sight this claim does not seem to have any connection with any forest office ; on the contrary, it is claimed as appurtenant to the Manor of Ebberston ; Robert Wyerne was the grandson of a former verderer, and Thomas Thurnef was then a regarder, and afterwards bailiff, of Pickering. The claim was allowed, but proceedings were subsequently taken by Sir Robert de Scarborough and his tenant, Thomas White, to set it aside (p. 198). I have collected from the Coram Rege Rolls a series of extracts relating to the quarrel, but it is extremely difficult to get to the bottom of the story. Who Sir Robert was I cannot say ; there was a judge of that name, and he may have been this man. If he was, it appears clear {see pp. 218, 219) that his judicial office was no obstacle to his entertaining a natural and deep-rooted objection to paying his taxes. It may have been from this cause, but more probably from some dispute about bark, that proceedings were taken by Robert de Wyerne and Thomas Thurnef against Sir Robert in the Wapentake Court of Pickering by an action of fresh force (which corresponds to an assize of novel disseisin in the King's Court, see Pollock and Maitland, Vol. I., p. 628).
It is a pure hypothesis, but it may be that Sir Robert had refused to give up the bark of some trees delivered to him, and Robert Wyerne and Thomas Thurnef alleged that they had been disseised of their
INTRODUCTION. xv
franchise, and took action in the local court. Here the allowance of the claim in the Forest Eyre was an absolute bar to Sir Robert ; judgment for ,£5 was given against him, and his only course was to take proceedings in the King's Bench to quash the claim.
The proceedings took the form of scire facias ad audie?idum errores, the usual course taken in order to reverse a judgment that had been given, and it is a matter of considerable regret to me that I have not been able to discover what the result of the proceedings was.
At first Sir Robert appears to have admitted that there was a manor of Ebberston, and that it was owned by Robert Wyerne and Thomas Thurnef ; but he denied that any owner of the manor ever had the right to appoint a woodward ; nay, more, that any wood belonged to the manor (both which claims had been made by the joint lords of the manor). As to the bark, the explanation is that while Thomas de Ebberston, a former owner of the manor, was bailiff of Pickering, out of fear a few of the smaller tenants gave him the bark of trees supplied to them for housebote, &c. Afterwards these proceedings were dropped and fresh initiated, in which Sir Robert took even stronger ground. He maintained that there was no Manor of Ebberston at all, that what was so-called was simply a messuage, six tofts and crofts and two carucates of land. It is noteworthy that, at p. 16, Vol. II., N.S., Robert Wyerne, the grandfather, in the year 13 13, paid a fine for entry upon his moiety of the land at Ebberston, described as late the property of Amery Gegge, under a somewhat similar description — namely, one moiety of a messuage and five and a-half oxgangs. How the five and a-half oxgangs had increased to one carucate needs con- sideration. That the bulk of the property was the same is probable from p. 123, where the title to the manor is set out, namely, that Thomas de Ebberston enfeoffed Amery Gegge of one moiety, and Amery Gegge enfeoffed Robert Wyerne, the grandfather of the claimant.
It appears from the Year Book {see post, p. 203) that a question arose to the rights of Sir Robert and his tenants to sue on behalf of the commoners. Unfortunately the case only appears in the printed edition of the Year Book, and I have not been able to find it in any of the MSS. (either in those in the British Museum or in Lincoln's Inn), while Mr. L. O. Pike, who has been kind enough to help me in the matter, and whose edition of the Year Book for the Rolls Series is so well known, has been equally unsuccessful. He suggests that most probably there were other MSS. from which the printed book was com- piled, and which have since been lost, or it is also possible that the case does appear in one of the MSS. now extant, but that in the printed edition it has been transposed to a wrong year. As printed,
xvj INTRODUCTION.
there appear to be obvious errors, and though I have suggested cor- rections, not being able to collate it with any MS., I cannot feel sure that my conjectures are right.
The ordinary rule in later days applicable to scire facias in errore was that all parties against whom judgment was given ought regularly to join in Error (see " Comyn's Digest," tit. Pleader 3, B. 9). The diffi- culty seems to have been to ascertain against whom the judgment in Eyre must be considered to have been given. That the allowance of the claim injured the commoners there could be no doubt, but it appears by no means clear that the commoners could have appeared personally at the Eyre and been heard to object to the claim. The argument, however, of Skipwith, counsel for Robert Wyerne and Thomas Thurnef, was that in the reverse case, if the commoners had wished to make a claim, ah must have claimed, and not two on behalf of the rest. The judgment does not, however, appear to adopt this view. Mr. Justice Bankwell suggests that the argument was unsound in a case where the Forest Laws were applicable, although it might be otherwise in the case of land outside a forest.
I shall have occasion later to refer to these proceedings ; at present it is only material to call attention to the allegation that from a mere casual gift, arising out of fear and a hope to curry favour, a prescriptive right was sought to be established.
We meet with a similar feature (see p. 115, infra) in the case of Langhowdale, or Langatdale Wood, which, so far as I can identify, lay between Pickering and Ellerburn, and possibly is that now marked on the Ordnance Map as Howedale Wood (see Vol. L, N.S., p. 98). Sir Ralph Hastings claimed this wood as his own ; but if the verdict of the jury is to be relied on, he had no right to it ; his claim being simply based upon a payment of a penny or a halfpenny a week which his woodwards extorted from poor folk who gathered wood without being entitled to do so. From Vol. I., N.S., pp. 28 and 97, it is quite clear that this wood belonged to the Duchy in the seventeenth century.
But it was not only by their pretensions to rights and perquisites that the foresters made themselves so detested : at pp. 13 to 15 we find a number of offences presented against them. Their servants extort money from people who pass through the forest, though whether the offence consists in taking the money, or in the fact that it was by persons who had not been duly sworn, is not quite clear. The same remark applies to the offence that is next mentioned. It may be that it was wrong for foresters to seize cattle of one township that had merely strayed on the waste of another township, both being within the forest, or it may be that the impounding should have taken place
INTRODUCTION. Xvii
within and not without the forest. But what is material is that in either case an injury had been done to the inhabitants by a forester, and, moreover, by one whose name (Robert de VVigan) denotes that he, or some near ancestor, had migrated from some other part of the possessions of the Earls of Lancaster.
Too great stress should not, of course, be laid upon these extortions as if they were peculiar to forests ; it was an age, as the Coram Rege Rolls of the period show, when officers misused their power ; but I must not conclude without referring to the charges against the bailiff of Pickering, referred to at pp. 217 and 219, of having extorted the sum of £1 from a man whom he had arrested.
Closely allied with the right of receiving bark and strippings from felled timber was the right of having the dry branches after they had been cut and the leaves used for food for the deer in winter — in other words, cablicia or browse- wood. It was the foresters in fee {see p. 84) who claimed and were allowed this right. It was a right which could very easily be abused. At p. 23 we have an offence for which Sir William de Percehay, one of the foresters in fee, was fined 13s 4d; and which appears to have consisted in cutting down larger branches than was either necessary or lawful.
In the Articles of the Court of Eyre, in Waltham Forest (a.d. 1634), (Harl. MSS., No. 68, 39, fol. 261), inquiry is, by Art. 43, directed to ascertain " If anie forester or keeper browseth any mast boughes of greate oakes in winter more for his own gaine than for sustenance of the deer."
At the same time the claim must be read in connection with the claim of John de Melsa (pp. 1, in and 158) to make charcoal out of this same browsewood ; and of the Dean and Chapter of York (p. 127) to take browsewood within the township of Pickering. As to this last, I am by no means sure that I exactly apprehend what it means. It is possible that the claim is simply to take browsewood when required for housebote and hedgebote. From Vol. I., N.S., pp. 29, 34 and 18 r, we learn that at a later date the right of the foresters in fee to this browsewood was disputed, although they appear, notwithstanding, to have appropriated and sold it.
Woods.
Having regard to the difficulty under which the ordinary man laboured in early days with the means then at his disposal in his attempt to take game, it is not probable that the severity of the forest laws in respect of poaching offences pressed quite so heavily on the lower orders as writers are often in the habit of maintaining. In a preceding volume I have called attention to the fact that for the most part the offenders
vol. in., n.s. b
Xviii INTRODUCTION.
were persons of standing in the district, or their servants on their behalf. The woods stand, however, in a different position. There can be little doubt that the effect of the forest laws upon them caused far more than a mere sentimental grievance, and that it was of particular importance whether or no a wood was, or was not, " quit of regard. • We have traces of four classes of woods within Pickering Forest — (i) Those owned by a township ; (2) those owned by an individual ; (3) those owned by the Earl, in which there were rights of common ; and (4) those owned by the Earl in which there were not : but it is by no means certain that the first and second class were distinct. We may possibly have merely two different methods of describing the same class of wood.
Whether the wood belonged to the Lord of Forest, or whether it belonged to an individual, unless it was " quit of regard," or unless there was some special custom to authorise it, no tree could be felled in it; at Vol. II., N.S., p. 242, we have seen that Kingthorpe Wood, which belonged to Roger de Mansergh, was valued at nothing, because it lay within a forest. It is therefore, at first sight, difficult to appreciate wherein the exact difference lay in the method of exercising rights over the woods of the first three classes. An inquisition (printed at Vol. I., N.S., p. 1) was taken in the year 1251, before the date of the grant to Earl Edmund, and the several rights of the tenants of Pickering are set out in detail They enjoyed the right of gathering dry sticks for fuel/without view of the foresters, and they were entitled to have wood delivered to them by the foresters for their houses and hedges, and the repair of their ploughs.
Speaking generally, it appears from the record of the Eyre that at its date the several tenants within the forest were in possession of similar rights over all the woods within the ambit of the forest. It has already been seen that the livery by the foresters was often made the occasion by the foresters of obtaining some advantage for them- selves ; where there was livery of housebote, the trees so delivered could only be used within the forest ; it was an offence to sell them, it was equally an offence to carry them outside {see pp. 14 and 15, infra), hence we can understand the importance of the question whether housebote could be taken without livery.
Gilbert de Aton was presented (pp. n and 22) for having taken wood for housebote out of certain woods in Troutsdale, and for having sold trees out of it ; he claimed that he was justified (pp. 98 and 153) in doing so, on the ground that the woods in question were " quit of regard." The jury admitted his claim as to part, but after having had a view of the place they found that he was encroaching to the north, and was claiming a larger area than he in fact possessed. The place-
INTRODUCTION. XIX
names have in part vanished, and possibly in part changed their positions (for instance, Apple Tree Keld) ; it is difficult to say exactly to how great an extent the claim was unsuccessful ; but the general position of the wood can be traced. Before leaving this claim I would refer to psallerint (p. 154), which is the word used to denote the giving, or singing, of the verdict by the Jury. Sometimes, as in the claim of Thomas Wake (at p. 149), in respect of Holtwaitbank, and as in the claim of Scarborough (p. 172), in respect of Falsgrave, we have a claim that a distinct locality is quit of regard; sometimes, as at pp. 107, 141 and 144, we have claims by the Prior of Ellerton, and the Prior of the Knights of St. John, that all their woods wherever situated are so quit.
A right, of which lords of manors appear at all times to have been most tenacious, is that of appointing woodwards. Again we are left in some doubt wherein the advantage consisted. The contest appears to have been, if we may take Robert Wyerne's case, before referred to, as a typical instance, between an individual and the township at large. Whether it was a mere right of patronage that was at stake, or whether larger issues were in question, must be left for future consideration. I have indexed the names of woodwards that occur, and also the claims that were made to appoint them ; it is, therefore, only necessary to sum- marize them shortly. Sir John de Melsa appointed the woodward in Levisham ; Nicholas, and afterwards Sir Ralph Hastings, in Allerston and Farmanby ; the Prioress of Wykeham, in Wykeham and Ruston ; Gilbert de Aton, in Brompton and Hutton Bushell; Roben de Wyerne and Thomas Thurnef, in Ebberston j Thomas de Pickering and his wife, in Lockton j and Henry de Percy, in Seamer. In addition, we find the woodward of the Prior of the Knights of St. John and of the Master of Staynton. The only other woodwards mentioned are the woodward of Thornton and of Thornton Riseborough. Possibly these woodwards might have been chosen by the township at large.
It is worth while to refer again to the case of the Ebberston wood- ward at p. 201. At first it will be noticed that Sir Robert pleaded that two or three of the most substantial persons in the township elected a woodward on behalf of the rest ; it may possibly have occurred to the pleader that it might be difficult to maintain that Robert Wyerne and Thomas Thurnef were not two of the most substantial persons. At any rate, he amends his pleading, and at p. 207 describes the election as being by all the commoners, and the presentation by two or three in the name of the rest. This, however, raises the question how, in fact, did an election take place ? It would be absurd to suppose that the modern method of counting heads and allowing equal importance to ignorance and learning, to poverty and wealth, to
b 2
XX INTRODUCTION.
strength and weakness, to enlightenment and obstinacy, ever prevailed. One would rather expect that by an instinctive acquiescence the elec- tion was virtually in the hands of the few important persons in each township, and that the amendment in the pleading connoted a verbal distinction only, and not a distinction in fact. There is a passage in Vol. IX., pp. 38, 39, of the Surtees Society describing the election of a Bishop. No doubt the distinction between the election of a Bishop in the twelfth century and that of a woodward in the fourteenth is very great ; still it is important to observe that in neither case is there any suggestion made that the view of the majority could bind the minority. In the earlier instance we are told that there are only three methods of election, by scrutiny or examination of each vote, by compromise and by inspiration, when a nomination is made beforehand. It appears, therefore, that unanimity, apparent or real, is necessary either amongst all the voters, or, in the case of an election by compromise, amongst the persons to whom the right of election is delegated.
To return to the question of the woodwards the following points seem established. He was a servant of the chief Lord, and in this respect analogous to a reeve ; he was appointed by the commoners, and the commoners were to answer for him, but his duty was to protect the woods within the forests for the chief Lord. He was presented at the Court of Attachments (or possibly at the Swainmote Court), and he had to take an oath. His duties were in general confined to the trees alone ; he was only to carry a hatchet ; and though, in the case of the woodward of Henry de Percy (p. 168), he was allowed to carry a bow and arrows, that must be considered as an exception to the general rule.
The foresters, on the other hand, other than the Earl's foresters, seem to have been servants of such of the landowners as had rights of hunting. The forester of Brompton (p. 43), for instance, was probably the servant of Gilbert de Aton, who had (p. 99) the right of hunting hare, wild-cat and badgerwithin the cultivated land at Brompton. Ralph de Hastings claimed the right to hunt fox and hare within the cultivated land at Allerston and Farmanby, a right which, as we saw at Vol. I., N.S., 170, his descendant, some hundred and fifty years later, considerably enlarged. The Abbot of St. Mary's, York (p. 118), claimed a general right of hunting fox and hare throughout the forests ; and Thomas Wake (p. 149) a right of hunting fox, hare, wild cat and badger throughout the barony of Middleton ; the foresters of these two latter are mentioned. I cannot find mention of the forester of Henry de Percy who claimed the widest right of all at Seamer (p. 164), namely, to hunt fox, hare, roedeer, wild cat and badger. The claim as to the roedeer was for a long time a matter of contention, as it had
INTRODUCTION. XXI
been clearly proved that it was a forest offence to kill roedeer. How- ever, eventually the claim was allowed — a result to which the connection by marriage between Henry de Percy and Earl Henry (see p. 164 n.), may have contributed.
The salary of the forester at Hovingham (p. 229) should be observed, as it no doubt represented the usual salary at that date.
Before concluding these remarks reference should be made to the claim (at p. 150) by Thomas Wake, to have livery of wood for him- self and his tenants once a year at the next Attachment Court after Michaelmas. The claim was first disallowed because the Jury found that he ought to have it at every Attachment Court, and not only once a year : it was eventually amended and allowed. Why the mere fact of asking too little should be a ground for disallowing the claim is not at first sight apparent. Perhaps it was due to a spirit of technicality in the Judges, who considered that the claim and the verdict should agree word for word ; or perhaps it was in order to endeavour to compel the attendance of the tenants at every Attachment Court. In the seventeenth century (see Vol. II., N.S., p. 3) the Swainmote Court was held at Michaelmas, amongst other times, and I was, therefore, at first under the impression that it did not exist under that name at the date of the Eyre, and that it was merely a development of the Michael- mas Attachment Court, which, from the claim of Thomas Wake, appears to have been of greater importance than the rest. Later investigation has, however, shaken my belief in this view. In a Coram Rege Roll a few years later than the Eyre, which I shall probably print in the next volume, there is a reference to the Swainmote Court by name, and it is not probable, though it is possible, that it acquired this name in the interval. It is, however, noteworthy that the Swainmote Court should not be once mentioned by name in the whole Eyre.
Commons. In the Inquisition printed at p. 1 of Vol. I., N.S., to which I have already referred, we learn that the tenants of the demesne land enjoyed common of pasture for all manner of animals except goats in all the woods other than Blansby Park and Dalby Hay. This may be taken as typical of the rights of common of pasture referred to in this volume. From pages 47 to 64 we have a list of cattle that had been seized by the foresters. It is impossible for me to say with even approximate accuracy what the offence in each case was. In some cases the cattle were pastured in the Earl's demesnes where no right of common existed, such as Dalby Hay and Blansby Park, to which probably Allantofts, Langdale, and Scalby Hay should be added. In others they were pastured in the fence month, namely, from fifteen
xxii INTRODUCTION.
days before to fifteen days after Midsummer Day, when the deer were fawning and no one was allowed to walk in the forest for fear of disturbing them. Again, pigs were seized because they were not agisted and were pasturing in the mast season.
In the Inquisition above referred to it is said that no pannage was payable in respect of mast for pigs, but this custom must have been of very limited extent. In the East Ward it is quite clear that pannage was payable. Certain tenants of frank fee tenure, a tenure that in Ancient Demesne stood just above socage, claimed a right of pasturing their pigs without paying pannage. Most, like Robert Lambson (p. 95), limited their claim to the mast season, but Alan, the son of Alan of Cloughton (p. 117), and Adam de Burneston, clerk (p. 140), claimed to be quit of this payment throughout the year; the verdict found that no tenants, whether of frank fee or socage tenure, were ever quit of pannage during the fence month, and that all that the claimants could prove was to be quit during the mast season, i.e., from 14 September to 18 November. In these two cases the claim was limited to Full- wood, Hayburn, Derncliff, and Little Cliff; the Prior of Bridlington (p. 125) extends his claims to the whole of Scalby, but the verdict found that he never was so quit in Scalby Hay. The importance of this lay in the fact that at pp. 47 and 48 the Prior of Bridlington, Alan the son of Alan and Robert Lambson, then called Robert the son of Lambert, were all presented because their pigs were found unagisted within the covert, which I take to be Scalby Hay.
The claim of the Dean and Chapter of York (p. 126) should be compared with the Inquisition, as by it they claim to be quit of pannage throughout the Manor of Pickering, and though their title rests on a deed couched in general language, the fact of non-payment since the date thereof was more probably their stronger point. They succeed (p. 155) in a similar claim as to Farmanby, Kingthorpe, and Ellerburn.
As a rule goats could not be pastured in a forest; the Prioress of Wykeham (p. 97), in her claim for common of pasture, expressly excludes goats, and when not mentioned they were tacitly excluded. We do, however, find two instances where claims to pasture goats were made and allowed ; one (p. 99) by Gilbert de Ayton, and the other (p. 112) by Ralph de Hasting.
Where cattle were straying in unlawful places they were seized, and could only be replevied by their owners on payment of a fine. Such cattle, or the fines on seizing them, were known as escapes, and it was often a question of dispute to whom the escape belonged. At pp. 83 and 84 Parnell de Kingthorpe and William de Percehay, as foresters in fee, claimed the escapes in Dalby from Easter to Michaelmas, and in
INTRODUCTION. XXlii
Blansby Park throughout the year : namely, a penny a foot from every beast taken only once or twice ; the amount of the fine was the same in the seventeenth century (see Vol. II. $ N.S., p. 4). The verdict of the Jury is interesting as showing the gradual development of the forest. Formerly they said, before Blansby Park was enclosed, when- ever a forester or woodward found an animal straying the fine belonged to him as part of the perquisites of his office, but this perquisite ceased on the enclosure of the Park. The same right also existed as regards Dalby Launde until a forester at fixed wages was appointed, when the rule was made that if the Earl's forester found such an animal present- ment was made at the Court of Attachments, and the fine belonged to the Earl ; otherwise, if the forester in fee found it, he retained his old perquisite. In making their claims the foresters in fee each claimed the fine only if ward had not been made (warda tamen inde non facta). It is a phrase that has given me some difficulty, and I have made a short note on it, which can hardly be called satisfactory, at p. 47. In addition, I would refer to the Surtees Society, Vol. LXIX., p. 218, where the same phrase occurs.
A joint right to the fines for straying cattle also existed in the barony of Middleton. Thomas Wake (pp. 151, 152 and 160) claimed them, and it was found that he was entitled to them if his foresters were the first to seize them in the woods and moors, but not in the arable land, and if the Earl's foresters were the first to find them, then presentment was made at the Court of Attachments and the Earl had the fines. The claim at p. 152 is somewhat confused owing to the scribe of the Coucher Book having apparently misread bestiis on the Rolls for boscis.
Bridges and Roads.
In theory, if not in practice, every Englishman in person or by deputy was bound, amongst other things, to repair and maintain roads and bridges. In this respect the lands of the Church did not differ from those of the laity, and a gift in frankalmoign freed the lands so given from all services except those included in the trinoda necessitas. How the obligation to repair bridges was enforced up to the reign of Henry VIII. is not quite certain ; so far as roads were concerned the obligation seems principally to have been enforced by the Manorial Courts, who appear to have proceeded on a sort of general rule that those whose lands adjoin a highway ought to repair it — a rule which has occasionally been adopted in modern Acts of Parliament.
But however this obligation ought to have been enforced, there seems little doubt that in practice it was almost a dead letter, and had it not been for the Religious Houses the means of locomotion would have been even more difficult than they were. While we find few if
xxiv INTRODUCTION.
any, cases in which the general common law obligation to repair roads and bridges is enforced, we do find a considerable number in which such an obligation, arising by reason of and as incident to the tenure of certain lands, is the subject of legal proceedings, but in nearly every case that I have met with the land was originally granted to some Religious House.
A very typical instance of this is the Inquisition taken by the Sheriff of Middlesex to ascertain whether the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield ought, as Lord of the Manor, to repair the bridge at Hanworth, the proceedings relating to which are reported in the Year Book 14 Ed. III. (Rolls Series, p. 292). The jurors said that the bridge in question was one near a mill for the benefit of the miller only, and of his neighbours who wished their corn to be ground, but that it was not a bridge for the common passage of the men of the country ; the Bishop therefore escaped liability. It is easy to see that what in its origin was a mere matter of favour in process of time is liable to be claimed as a right. As Sir E. Coke puts it ("Institutes," Vol. II., p. 700), " JVbta if a bishop or prior etc. hath at once or twice of almes repaired a bridge, it bindeth not (and yet is evidence against him, untill he prove the con- trary), but if time out of mind they and their predecessors have repaired it of almes, this shall bind them to it."
That occasionally grants of land were made to Religious Houses for the express purpose of providing for the repair of roads and bridges there can be little doubt. The history of the bridges at Stratford atte Bowe is too circumstantially told on the Coram Rege Roll of Easter 6 Ed. II., m. 95 (see " Abbrev. Placit.," p. 316), to be a pure fiction. We are told that Queen Matilda, wife of Henry I., originally built these bridges and made the road between them, and as she wished to provide for their repair and thought that that object would be better carried out by religious than by lay persons, she granted certain lands burdened with this obligation to the Abbess of Barking, which lands subject to their burden were afterwards transferred to the Abbot of Stratford Langthorne.
The connection of the Religious Houses with the repair of bridges and roads is considered at p. 35 et seq. of "English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages " (fourteenth century), by J. J. Jusserand. He quotes Elton's " Tenures of Kent," at p. 21. The Monks of Christchurch were bound to contribute to the repair of Rochester Bridge, and when their monastery was dissolved, and their lands to a great extent given to the new Cathedral of Canterbury, the 'King's letters patent contained these words, "that lastly the gifts of alms to the poor, the repairing of roads and bridges, and other pious offices of every kind may increase and spread far and wide, we give and grant, etc."
INTRODUCTION. XXV
In this volume we find two instances where roads and bridges are alleged to be repairable by Religious Houses. One (p. 4) called the bridge of Pul, must have been somewhere near Foulbridge, the contest lay between the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem and the Prioress of Yedingham. It was common ground that between them the road and bridge ought to be repaired. The jury found that the bridge was entirely constructed on land belonging to the Prior, and that he ought to repair it as well as the road to the east of the bridge, while the Prioress was only bound to repair the road to the west, which at that time was not out of repair. This bridge was a bridge for carts and carriages.
In the other instance (p. 2) it was the Abbot of Rievaulx who was presented for not repairing a bridge called Friar Bridge beyond the Costa on the highway leading from Malton to Pickering. In con- sequence of the non-repair it was said that persons passed through the forests, treading down the pasture and destroying the food for the deer. The Abbot did not deny his liability to repair it, and indeed repaired it during the Eyre — a course that did not absolve him, but no doubt was considered in mitigation of his fine.
It is noteworthy that the grant to the Abbey of Rievaulx by Henry II., of the waste below Pickering, in respect of which the burden of repairing the bridge is said to have been created, is set out at p. 167 of the Rievaulx Cartulary (Surtees Society, Vol. LXXXIIL); and yet there is no reference to the land being subject to any such burden, nor is there any reference to it in the confirmation of the grant by Richard I., at p. 127 of the same volume; while at p. 261 it is distinctly stated that King Henry gave the monks the land in exchange for land at Stainton, which Walter de Gant had given to them as the site for their Abbey.
Through the courtesy of Mr. J. D. Whitehead, to whom I have had to make a similar acknowledgment in my first volume, I am enabled to sketch out the probable history of the Friar Bridge and the road leading to it. The bridge itself must, I think, be that now known as Howe Bridge, almost at the junction of the Costa and Derwent ; but as against this view (see p. 162, n.) Howe Bridge is referred to under that name in the extracts from the Rolls, also copied in the Malton Coucher ; although it appeared in some legal proceedings of the year 1876, that the Pickering and Malton road has been slightly deviated in recent years, yet Mr. Whitehead informs me that all the old tracks seem to have converged to the point where the bridge now is. At the date of the Eyre it was evidently a pack bridge only, i.e. used for foot passengers and riders ; and when it was altered into a bridge for carts and carriages, it would naturally follow that it became a county bridge ; and this Howe Bridge at the present date is.
xxvi INTRODUCTION.
The road leading to the bridge stood, however, in a different posi- tion. In the year 1762, for the distance of nearly a mile, it was in such bad repair that the township of Pickering was indicted at Quarter Sessions. The matter was respited from Sessions to Sessions for nearly two years. The following is the result : — At first the town- ship admitted its liability. Afterwards it obtained leave to withdraw its plea of guilty, and to plead that from the north end of the parts called Birgo or Virgo Lane to Howe Bridge, it was repairable in two sections, as to the Birgo Lane by the occupiers of the land on the east, and as to the remainder by the occupiers on both sides. As to the part to the north of Birgo Lane the township confessed its liability. At the date of these proceedings, so we learn from the proceedings in 1876, all the land to the south of Birgo Lane was uninclosed, part being known as Smith's Moor and part as Hicks' Moor, called after their respective occupiers. The occupiers of the several lands appeared and admittted their liability to repair the causeway for horse and packway, but not the carriage and cartway. The matter was tried and the verdict was in favour of the township ; the liability to repair the whole of the road from the north end of Birgo Lane to Howe Bridge being cast upon the occupiers.
The following year the first of a series of Turnpike Acts, by which the Malton and Pickering road was directed to be amended, widened, and converted into a turnpike road, was passed. Amongst other things the occupiers of the land burdened with repair, Marmaduke Hicks, Peter Smith, and Thomas Clifford, were directed to perform six days' statute work in every year upon the road, and were exempted from further work. This provision was repealed in the year 1804, by the Act 44 Geo. III., c. 63 (sects. 6, 7), the latter of which directs the application of ;£ioo a year out of the tolls on the road, and appears to restore the former liability ratione tenuras of the occupants to supplement any deficit. When the Turnpike Trust came to an end, the question as to the liability arose in another form. In the year 1876 it was held by Mellor and Lush, J. J., that the effect of the widening of the road was to destroy the old liability ratione tenurse ; while the statutory liability, imposed by the Act of 1804, only continued so long as the Act remained in force. The decision, I confess, seems to me to have been sound ; though the effect was to saddle the township with the repair of the road, and to exempt the occupants of the land, yet it would have been far more unjust to have saddled the occupants with the increased cost of keeping in repair a wider road of a different nature. No doubt provision should and ought to have been made by the Turnpike Acts for continuing the apportionment of the cost of repair after the expiration of the Acts. From p. 2 of the present
INTRODUCTION. XXvii
volume, it is evident that the bridge was for foot passengers and horse- men only i but it does not necessarily follow that the road was designed for similar traffic only, and not for carts and carriages also ; such carts and carriages might have passed over an adjoining ford of which the name Wath Hill, in the vicinity, preserves some trace. When the bridge was altered I do not know, but in the reign of Elizabeth (24 Eliz.) {see Vol. II., O.S., p. 301), it was spoken of as Howe Bridge, and £$2 was spent on its repair. It was therefore then a county bridge.
Religious Houses.
A few words may not, perhaps, be out of place to enumerate the number of Religious Houses who either held land within the forest of Pickering, or in some way or another became subject to the jurisdic- tion of the Court. First in importance came the Abbot of Whitby. He not only held lands at Goathland, but as the forest of Whitby marched on its west boundary with the east boundary of the forest of Pickering, disputes arising out of hunting were no uncommon occur- rence. The claim of the Abbot of Whitby will be printed in the next volume, and any remarks had better be deferred until then.
The Abbey of St. Mary's, York, was the neighbour of the Earl of Lancaster on the west. The Forest of Spaunton, strictly speaking, did not belong to the Abbot, the land did {see Reg. Mar., fol. 177), but the game belonged to the King, whose foresters were not, however, allowed to enter, the Abbot having the custody of hart, hind, wild- boar and hawk: this also sufficiently appears from pp. 266-271 of Vol. II., N.S., and p. 258 of the present volume. By grant from King Henry I., confirmed by Henry II., the Abbot of St. Mary's was entitled to tithe of venison throughout the county of York ; he also had the custody of the Forest of Spaunton, and an exchange was made ; the Abbot surrendered his right to the tithe in the forest of Galtres, and by way of compensation had the forest of Spaunton ; the arrangement, however, was for a limited time only, namely, five years. The arrange- ment does not seem to have given entire satisfaction to the Abbot. It was rare to find deer in Spaunton Forest, and the tithe in Galtres was better worth having. The Abbot petitioned either that he might have the tithe in Galtres again, or that the exchange might be perma- nent instead of temporary, and that he might have license in mortmain to purchase land at the value of ^20. The petition does not appear to have been granted, and the arrangement was renewed for a further term of five years.
The grant of tithe to the Abbot is worthy of observation. After p. 118 was passed through the press I had an opportunity of collating
XXVlii INTRODUCTION.
its language with the Register of the Abbey in the Dean and Chapter Library at York (Reg. Mar., fol. 177). So far as the operative words are concerned there is no difference of importance ; the York Book inserts the words semper before habeant. The witnesses have, how- ever, been incorrectly copied in the Duchy Coucher ; they should have been Humphrey Byng, capellanus, and Eudo Dapifer. A description of the latter is given in Ellis's " Introduction to Domesday Book," Vol. I., p. 415 j he was the son of Hubert de Rie, and Steward of the House- hold.
If my construction of the grant of tithe is correct the Abbot was only entitled to a tithe of the dead deer ; he was not allowed to hunt himself, but after the day's hunting one-tenth of the game should be set apart and delivered to him. We have at p. 227 a somewhat similar instance of payment of tithes in respect of water-fowl, herons and egrets ; only instead of a tenth of the " bag " being given, the value of a tenth was given ; the gift was to the King's Almoner, and not to any ecclesiastical corporation.
In the case of the Abbot, however, he seems to have got his tithe in the following manner : he himself hunted the deer in the presence of the keeper of the forest ; if he took more than his proper proportion the surplus was debited against him the next year • if he took less he was allowed to make it up the next time that he came. For this offence and for others, which will be seen at p. 121, the Abbot was fined the large sum of ^"45. At Vol. II., N.S., pp. 122-142, there are numerous instances of tithes being delivered to the Abbot, but there is nothing to show in what manner the delivery was made ; at p. 86, however, there is a presentment against Alexander de Bergh for having taken a hind, as he alleged by way of tithe, on behalf of the Abbot ; the offence presented is not that the Abbot ought not to have taken it, but that Alexander had no warrant to do so.
How the custom to pay tithe died out I do not know, but it will have been noticed that though, in Vol. I., N.S., pp. 156, 157, presents of fallow-deer appear in the reign of Henry VII. to have been made to the Abbot of St. Mary's, they are not stated to have been made in respect of tithe.
The Cistercian Abbey of Rievaulx held a considerable amount of land within the forest. We have already seen how they were bound to repair a road and bridge. King Henry II. had granted to them the whole of the waste below Pickering, and the Abbot also had land in Allerston and Thornton (see Rievaulx Cartulary, Surtees Society, Vol. LXXXIII). From the same source it appears that the waste was not entirely value- less, but that several persons claimed or exercised rights over it, of all which it became necessary for the Abbot to obtain a release. The
INTRODUCTION. xxix
tract of land in question lies to the south of Pickering — roughly speak- ing, bounded to the south by the Derwent and to the west by the Costa.
Eustace son of John, the ancestor of the Vescys, appears to have had some claim to pasture on it, which, by grant from him, confirmed by Henry II., devolved on the Priory of Malton. A controversy between the two Houses arose which was eventually compromised by the mediation of the King, and the priory were permitted to have common of pasture there for the thirty oxen with which they tilled their lands at Malton, two bulls and thirty cows with their calves up to the age of one year.
We find that in general a Religious House holding land within the forest was entitled to special exemptions. This was especially the case with the Monks of Rievaulx ; they enjoyed rights of fishery in the Costa, Rye and Derwent (pp. 8 and 139), as the Canons of Malton did in the two latter (p. 161). They could assart land, build houses and sheepfolds, and agist at will ; they were exempt from lawing of their dogs and of all assizes of the forest except those relating to game, regards and hare-hunting.
Two important Houses of Gilbertine Canons, offshoots of Sempring- ham, appeared and made their claims in somewhat similar language ; the Priory of Malton, already referred to, and the Priory of Ellerton. It is not probable that any large proportion of the burdens from which they claimed exemption existed in Pickering Forest; probably they took that opportunity of placing their rights upon record, possibly they did it from excessive caution, not caring to dispute whether the burdens existed or not. Their claims are, however, interesting, because they give us (see pp. 104, 109) definitions of two forest customs. One, that of buckstalls, or, as it was also called, stabilitio ; the custom, namely, that compelled tenants within a forest to make enclo- sures into which the deer were driven ; the other that of trists, namely, the custom that certain persons were to hold hounds at fixed points where the deer was likely to run in order to intercept them. I have, in the Introduction to Vol. II., N.S., p. xxxviii, told how this method of hunting is mentioned in the " Maister of the Game."
Asinthecaseof so many other Religious Houses, both Priories claimed to be exempt from lawing of their dogs; the same exemption was claimed by the Prior of Bridlington (p. 6), the Dean and Chapter of York (pp. 127 and 155), and the Knights Hospitallers (pp. 141 and 144).
At the angle formed by the junction of the Rye and Derwent is a meadow formerly known as Edusmarsh, and afterwards as Castle Ings. In the sixteenth century it certainly belonged to the Duchy, and it may have been the meadow referred to at Vol. II., N.S., p. 15, as sixty-six acres of demesne meadow.
XXX INTRODUCTION.
We learn (at p. 162) that the Prior of Malton claimed the right to pasture his cattle in this meadow after the hay had been carried.
For the most part, if not entirely, the possessions of the Knights Hospitallers within the forest appear to have been those which descended to them after the suppression of the Templars. Fowke- bridge or Foulbridge has already been referred to ; in addition there was a Master of Stainton (pp. 48, 58), for whom the Prior had to answer ; there were also lands at Allerston. A question arose with regard to Foulbridge (p. 147). It was suggested that at the date of the suppression of the Templars their lands fell as escheats to the chief Lord, namely, Earl Thomas, who granted Foulbridge to John de Dalton for his life, and thus the liberties annexed to the Manor of Foulbridge became extinguished. Afterwards came the Act of Parliament vesting the lands in the Knights of St. John, and though I understand the lease for life to John de Dalton to be admittedly superseded, yet the argument appears to be that the liberties themselves were not revived. The matter was eventually removed by writ of certiorari to the King's Bench, but search on the Coram Rege Rolls has not resulted in the discovery of the determination of the question.
With regard to Allerston a question of a different nature arose (pp. 214-217). It was suggested that these lands formed a manor by themselves, though, no doubt, held of Sir Ralph de Hastings, the Lord of the Manor of Allerston. At the time of the suppression of the Templars Sir Ralph appears to have seized their land and held it for some forty years, when the Knights of St. John attempted to recover it. The readiness with which Sir Ralph gave way suggested doubts to the minds of the Judges whether this was not a device to evade the provisions of the Statutes of Mortmain, of which one in more stringent form had only recently been passed. An inquiry as to this was therefore directed, but the Jury found that the claim was perfectly bona fide, and that the Templars had owned the land in question.
According to Burton's " Monasticon," p. 358, Father Robert de Samford, minister of the Knights Templars in England, with the advice and consent of the Chapter at London, granted to the monks of Rieval a road beyond Grenehil in the territory of Allerston. I do not find a reference to this grant in the Rievaulx Cartulary, although at pp. 209 and 290 the road itself is referred to, and the probable date of its grant by another person, John, son of Baldwin, is put by Canon Atkinson somewhere about 1203. Moreover, in Pat. Rolls 5 Edward II., part 1, m. 2 [January 24, 131 2], there is a grant to Alexander de Abernythy of, amongst other manors, the Templars' manors of Fouke- bridge and Allerston. I only refer to this as to some extent con-
INTRODUCTION. xxxi
firmatory of the contention that the Templars held, if not amanor, at any rate land in Allerston.
General History.
At pp. 224-228 will be found some'of the Wardrobe Accounts. They commence with the expenses of Edward II. when at Pickering. This was his second visit there, almost a year and a half after the death of Earl Thomas. In 1322 the Scots under Robert Bruce had entered England, and amongst other places had spoiled the monastery of Rievaulx. We find a reference to this in the repayment to Sir Roger de Felton of his ransom of ^"ioo, which his capture by the Scots, October 10, 1322, had exacted from him. It will be remembered (Vol. I., N.S., p. 4) that it was on the 17th October, 1322, that hostages were delivered to Robert Bruce for payment of the ransom of Pickering Lith. We learn from the account that the King hunted the stag there, and paid to one of his huntsmen 10s for his day's employment. It was not an uncommon thing for a King to celebrate his stay at a place by a large distribution of alms ; for instance, when Edward III. was there in 1334 (just before the commencement of the Pickering Eyre) he spent t2s 6d on 100 poor, three halfpence each, but if the Wardrobe Accounts contain the whole of Edward II. 's generosity, his gift was limited to the sum of three pence.
From Pickering Edward II. passed over the moors to Whorlton Castle, where he intended to stay with Nicholas de Meynell. His journey appears to have taken him at least a week ; what was the course that he followed, and where he stayed, I cannot even conjecture. He went by Lockton, and probably passed over Spaunton Moor, which seems to correspond with what is called Blakho Moor ; Green- how might be the moor above Ingleby Greenhow ; but this is far too much to the north. We should expect him to have gone through Bransdale and Bilsdale ; dropping down into the low country not far from Faceby. The difficulty would be to find any place to stop at. Perhaps being fine weather they camped out. It seems to have been a hunting expedition, for he spent the sum of ,£5 and more at Scar- borough in the purchase of cord for his hunting nets.
At Whorlton the hunting seems to have consisted of taking roedeer in the Park ; while in the evening he had an opportunity of judging whether Yorkshire deserved to be so famous for its singing as it was. It is interesting to note that the song chosen was one relating to Simon de Montfort. Two such are printed in the book prepared by Mr. Wright, for the Camden Society, and I believe that they are the same as those references to which I have given in the note.
The Accounts of Edward III. do not throw much light on his life
XXX11 INTRODUCTION.
at Pickering ; he hunted there apparently, and certainly lost a hound, for which the finder, on bringing it to Beverley, received half a mark.
Conclusion.
The difficulty of determining what names are place-names and what surnames, in even a general sense, has been as great in this volume as in the preceding ; I have, however, in most cases retained the de, and only translated it where there seemed a more than ordinary probabilty that it only referred to the locality.
To those whom I have thanked in the preceding volumes, my thanks for similar services are again due, as well as to those whose names appear in other parts of this volume ; in addition to them I must mention Canon Temple, by whose kindness I was enabled to see the Register of St. Mary's Abbey, at a time when I fear that it was inconvenient to him, and when the Dean and Chapter Library was not open to the public.
Robert B. Turton.
24, Old Square, *
Lincoln's Inn,
November 6, 1896.
DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Presentaciones super articulis de foresta apud Pykeryng coram Ricardo de Wylughby, Roberto de Hungerford et Johanne Hambury, Justiciariis etc. die Lune proximo post festum sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii a con- questu octavo. Duodecim jurati istius foreste ad presentandum dicunt super sacra- mentum suum quod Johannes de Melsa miles* dominus de Levesham tenet communiter homines facientes et ardentes carbones de cabliciis et sicco bosco in boscis ipsius Johannis de Levesham qui nunc est infra limites foreste predicte, et carbones illos vendicioni exponit ad dampnum domini et nocumentum ferarum ejusdem foreste, nesciunt quo warranto. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit predictus Johannes et dicit quod ipse et omnes antecessores sui et tenentes manerii de Levesham a tempore quo non extat memoria ceperunt cablicia et siccum boscum in boscis predictis et inde fecerunt et arderunt carbones et postea eos vendicioni expo- Matters relating to the Forest presented at Pickering before Richard de Willoughby, Robert de Hungerford and John de Hambury, Monday the 6th Oct., 1334. The jury of twelve say on their oath that Sir John de Melsa, Lord of Levisham, is in the habit of employing men to make and burn charcoal out of browsewood and dry sticks in his woods at Levisham, which are now within the bounds of the forest, and he exposes the charcoal for sale, injuring the Lord and annoying the deer, by what right they know not. Sir John is summoned, appears and pleads that he and his ancestors and the tenants! of the Manor of Levisham have from ancient time taken the browsewood and dry sticks in the said woods and burnt them into charcoal, and afterwards exposed them for sale and given them away at pleasure as part of his and their
* Son of Godfrey de Melsa and Scolastica his wife. See Patent Rolls 4 Ed. II., pt. m. 17, and 5 Ed. II., pt. 1, m. 1. See as to his title to the manor of Levesham Vol. II., N.S., p. xxvii. t or holders.
VOL. III., N.S. B
2 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
suerunt et pro voluntate sua dederunt tanquam partem manerii predicti [258b] et hoc paratus est verificare per ministros istius foreste etc. Et quia manifeste liquet Curie per responsionem ipsius Johannis quod idem Johannes est in hac parte ad proficuum capiendum in foresta predicta et non apposuit inde clamium suum in instanti Itinere primo die ejusdem prout moris est et proclamatum fuit, consideratum est quod libertas predicta capiatur in manum domini etc., et nichilominus respondeat domino de valore ejusdem per medium tempus etc. Postea venit predictus Johannes et peciit quod possit admitti ad finem faciendum cum domino pro clamio suo inde apponendo et admittitur per finem dimidie marce per plegium Ricardi de Naulton.
Iidem jurati presentant quod quidam pons qui vocatur Frerebrigg ultra aquam de Costa per quam [sic] homines solebant transire de Pikeryng usque Malton equites et pedites, pons predictus modo in tantum dirutus est et confractus quod homines predicti ibidem transire non possunt set circuiunt aliunde per forestam istam ad spacium unius leuce ad nocumentum et conculcacionem et consumpcionem pasture ferarum domini Comitis foreste predicte; et Abbas de Ryevall et omnes Abbates loci predicti tenentur ilium reparare. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum. Postea venit predictus Abbas et non dedicit quin ipse et omnes Abbates loci predicti tenentur pontem predictum reparare, sed dicit quod pons predictus non est dirutus neque confractus ad presens, quin homines ibidem pertransire possunt
manorial rights. He asks that the officers of the Forest may try the question. As it clearly appears to the Court by the answer of Sir John that he is making a claim to take a profit in the forest which he did not claim on the first day of the Eyre, as the custom is and as proclamation was made, judgment is given that the liberty be seized into the Lord's hands, and Sir John is to answer for its value in the meantime. Afterwards Sir John appears and prays that he may be allowed to pay a composition for making his claim, and a composition of 6s 8d is fixed. Surety, Richard de Naulton.
The jury also present that a bridge called Friar Bridge beyond the Costa, across which people are wont to pass on horseback and on foot going from Pickering to Malton, is in such bad repair that people cannot pass over, but have to make a divergence of about a mile and a half in the forest, treading down and injuring the pasturage of the deer. The Abbot of Rievaulx and all Abbots of that place are bound to repair it. He is summoned, appears and does not deny that he and they are bound to repair it, but he says that the bridge is not in such bad repair that people cannot pass over it as they are wont and ought to do without doing harm to anyone. He asks that an inquiry may be made
COUCHER BOOK. 3
prout solent et debent absque aliquo nocumento alicui faciendo et de hoc ponit se super ministros ejusdem. Ideo per eosdem inquiratur inde Veritas. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores ad hoc jurati et onerati dicunt super sacramentum suum quod post sumoni- cionem istius itineris pons predictus dirutus fuit et confractus per quod homines ibidem transire nequiuntes alibi circuierunt in foresta ad nocumentum ferarum domini et pasture earundem conculcacionem, et dicunt quod postmodum idem Abbas pontem ilium reparavit ita quod nunc non indiget aliqua reparacione quin homines sufficienter ibidem pertransire possint. Ideo idem Abbas quoad reparacionem pontis ad presens eat inde sine die, set quia idem Abbas prius non reparavit, ideo remanet in misericordia.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Prior de Bridlyngton qui nunc est relevavit quandam bercariam apud Neulond in foresta longitudine centum pedes hominis et latitudine xij pedes ad nocumentum ferarum domini predicte foreste, que quidem bercaria alias in ultimo itinere Justiciariorum istius foreste judicio prosternata [sic] fuit, nesciunt quo warranto. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit predictus Prior et petit admitti ad finem faciendum cum domino in hac parte et quod arentare possit bercariam predictam sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum tenendam, eo quod bercaria jam non est ad nocumentum ferarum domini. Et quia forestarii, viridarii et regardatores hoc idem testantur, idem Prior admittitur ad finem j marce per plegium Radulphi de Morton et similiter ei conceditur per
by the officers of the Forest. An inquiry is directed. The foresters, verderers, and regarders, sworn and charged, say on their oaths that after the summons for the Eyre was issued the bridge was in such bad repair that people being unable to pass over it made a divergence into the forest, annoying the Lord's deer and treading down their pasturage. Afterwards the Abbot repaired it so that it requires nothing further, and people can quite well pass over it. Therefore as to the present repair of the bridge the Abbot is acquitted, but he is to be amerced because he did not repair it before.
The jury also present that the present Prior of Bridlington erected a sheepfold at Newland in the forest, 100 feet long and 12 feet broad, injuring thereby the Lord's deer, notwithstanding that on another occasion at the last Eyre of the Justices the sheepfold was ordered to be taken down. By what right they know not. The Prior appears and prays to be allowed to compound with the Lord, and that he and his successors may rent the sheepfold in perpetuity, inasmuch as it no longer injures the deer. Since the foresters, verderers and regarders prove that this is so the Prior is permitted to compound by the pay-
b 2
4 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
redditum vjd per annum ad festum sancti Michaelis imperpetuum. Ideo idem Prior illam habeat et teneat sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum [259] pro redditu predicto extra regardum etc.
Iidem jurati presentant quod pons et via de Pul infra forestam istam que sunt communes transitus ad carros, carrectas et omnia quecumque alia cariagia vel summagia facienda ita dirute sunt et confracte quod nullus possit ibidem pertransire, et Prior Hospitalis Sancti Johannis Jerusalem, in Anglia racione terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Magistri et Fratrum ordinis milicie Templi Salomonis et Priorissa de Yedyngham tenentur pontem et viam predictas reparare et sustentare. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos etc. Postea venerunt tam predicta Priorissa in propria persona sua quam predictus Prior per Walterum de Trusseley attornatum suum. Et predicta Priorissa dicit quod nee ipsa nee aliqua predecessarum [sic] suarum a tempore quo non extat memoria unquam aliquo tempore pontem seu viam predictas repararunt seu reparare tenentur, quia dicit quod predictus Prior racione terrarum et tenementorum suorum que fuerunt Magistri et Fratrum ordinis milicie Templi Salomonis que tenet, tenetur dictos pontem et viam quocienscumque necesse fuerit reparare et sus- tentare, Magistri et Fratres ordinis predicti ante cessacionem et adnullacionem ejusdem ordinis a tempore quo non extat memoria racione terrarum et tenementorum suorum quas tenuerunt apud Fouk-
ment of 13s 4d (surety Ralph de Morton), and he is likewise given a grant for ever of the sheepfold at a yearly rent of 6d at Michaelmas. The Prior is to hold it for ever quit of regard.
The jury also present that the bridge and road of Pul within the forest which are common highways for carriages, carts, drifts and pack- saddles are in such bad repair that none can pass over them. The Prior of the Hospital of St. John, by reason of his tenure of lands which formerly belonged to the Knights Templars, and the Prioress of Yedingham, are bound to repair and maintain them. They are summoned. The Prioress appears in person, the Prior by his attorney, Walter de Trusseley.* The Prioress says that neither she nor any of her predecessors ever from ancient time repaired or ought to repair it, because she says that the Prior, by reason of his tenure of the lands which belonged to the Templars, is bound to repair and maintain the bridge and road as often as need requires, in the same way that the Templars before the abolition of their Order from ancient time, by reason of their tenure of their lands at Foulbridgef which the Prior
* This name is not quite clear. It sometimes seems written Trussebey. Walter de Trusselay was bailiff" of the Liberty of Holderness. De Banco Rolls, 15 Ed. III., Easter, r, 241, d. f Foulbridge is a little to the east of Yedingham.
COUCHER BOOK. 5
brigge que* dictus Prior modo tenet, dictos pontem et viam repararunt et sustentarunt, et hoc parata est verificare per ministros istius foreste. Et Prior predictus per attornatum suum dicit quod ipse nee tenetur dictos pontem et viam reparare racione terrarum seu tenementorum aliquorum que tenet, prout eadem Priorissa asserit, set eadem Priorissa terras et tenementa tenet apud Yedyngham et alibi, per que tenetur eos reparare et sustentare, et hoc similiter petit quod inquiratur. Et predicta Priorissa similiter. Ideo inquiratur inde Veritas per ministros ejusdem foreste. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores ad hoc jurati dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Magister etFratres ordinis milicie Templi Salomonis ante cessacionem et adnullacionem ordinis predicti racione terrarum et tenementorum que tenuerunt et que Prior Hospitalis modo tenet pontem predictum qui in solo suo totaliter construitur et adhuc in eodem constructus est repararunt et sustentarunt, et similiter viam ex parte occidentali ejusdem pontis repararunt et sustentarunt, et Prior Hospitalis racione terrarum et tenementorum suorum predictorum que tenet, tenetur pontem et viam ex parte orientali ejusdem pontis quocienscumque necesse fuerit reparare et sustentare. Dicunt eciam quod predicta Priorissa tenetur viam ex parte occidentali dicti pontis u^que dictum pontem reparare eo quod pons predictus omnino in solo ipsius Prioris construitur, racione quarundam terrarum quas tenet; que via ad presens non indiget
now holds, repaired and maintained the bridge and road. She asks that an inquiry may be directed. The Prior, by his attorney, denies that he is bound by reason of his tenure of any lands or tenements to repair the bridge and road, as the Prioress maintains ; but he says that the Prioress, by reason of the lands which she holds at Yedingham and elsewhere, is bound to repair and maintain them. He and the Prioress both ask that an inquiry may be directed. The foresters, verderers, and regarders being sworn, say on their oaths that the Templars before the abolition of their Order, by reason of their tenure of lands which the Prior of the Hospitallers now holds, repaired and maintained the bridge which stands entirely on their own ground, and likewise repaired and maintained the road to the east of the bridge, and the Prior, by reason of his tenure of the same lands, is bound to repair and maintain as often as need requires the bridge and road to the east of it. Further they say that the Prioress, inas- much as the bridge stands entirely on the Prior's ground, is bound to repair the road to the west of the bridge by reason of her tenure of certain lands, which road is not now out of repair. The judgment of the Court is that the Prior be distrained to compel him to repair and * The grant was made A.D. 1324 or thereabouts. .
6 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
reparacione. Ideo consideratum est quod idem Prior distringatur ad pontem predictum etviam ex parte orientali ejusdem pontis reparandum et faciendum, et idem Prior in misericordia quia prius etc., et similiter predicta Priorissa ad presens eat sine die inde, eo quod via ex parte occidentali dicti pontis ad presens non indiget reparacione aliquali.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Prior de Bridlington tenet canes suos in [259b] soca de Scalby infra metas foreste non expeditatos contra assisam foreste, nesciunt quo waranto : ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit predictus Prior et dicit quod dominus Stephanus quondam Rex Anglie progenitor [sic] domini Regis nunc per cartam suam concessit in elemosinam Canonicis Sancte Marie de Bridlyngton ecclesiam de Scalby cum capellis et terris ad earn pertinentibus et omnibus aliis rebus que ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinent, et precepit quod predicti Canonici bene et in pace, libere et quiete earn tenerent per cartam ipsius quam hie profert et que hoc testatur ; unde dicit quod virtute carte predicte ipse et omnes Priores loci predicti, predecessores sui, a tempore quo non extat memoria tenuerunt ecclesiam predictam cum capella predicta tanquam in proprios usus ecclesie predicte annexa, et quieti fuerunt de expeditacione canum suorum in soca predicta, et hoc paratus est verificare per ministros ejusdem foreste. Ideo inquiratur inde Veritas per eosdem. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores super hoc jurati dicunt super sacramentum suum quod idem Prior est persona de Scalby et tenet ecclesiam de Cloghton tanquam capellam ecclesie predicte
make good the bridge and road to the east, and is to be amerced because he has not done it sooner, and the Prioress is to be acquitted because the road to the west of the bridge is not at present out of repair.
The Prior of Bridlington was indicted for keeping unlawed dogs in Scalby Soke within the limits of the forest, contrary to the assize of the forest. He appears and says that King Stephen, by deed granted in alms to the Canons of St. Mary of Bridlington, the church of Scalby with the chapels, lands and all else appurtenant thereto, and commanded that the Canons might hold the same well, peaceably, freely, and quietly. He produces the deed and vouches its contents. Wherefore he claims that by virtue of the deed he and all his pre- decessors as Priors have from ancient time held the church, together with the chapel, as part of the private property of the church, and have been quit of the lawing of their dogs in the Soke. He asks that an inquiry may be directed. The foresters, verderers, and regarders being sworn, say upon their oaths that the Prior is Rector of Scalby, and holds Cloughton Church as a chapelry annexed to Scalby, and by
COUCHER BOOK. 7
annexam et racione terrarum suarum in Scalby ipse nee aliquis prede- cessorum suorum nullo tempore aliquid solverunt pro expeditacione predicta racione terrarum quas habet in villa de Cloghton ; consuevit tamen ante hec tempora presentari quolibet tercio anno prout moris est de canibus suis ibidem non expeditatis, et cum homines ejusdem ville pro soca de Scalby finem fecissent pro canibus suis non expeditatis et postea petivissent a predicto Priore tanquam pro porcione sua ejusdem finis racione predictarum terrarum suarum in Cloghton que est hamelettum de Scalby, predictus Prior nee aliquis predecessorum suorum unquam aliquid solverunt, tamen ballivus castri qui pro tempore fuit finem predictum totaliter levavit et recepit de soca predicta, et cum aliquando contigerit quod homines ejusdem soke in hac parte amerciati fuissent, senescallus ejusdem soke qui pro tempore fuit asserebat se pro predicto Priore quoad amerciamentum ipsum inde contingentem existere [sic] ; ita quod idem Prior vel aliquis pre- decessorum suorum vel una causa vel alia nunquam aliquid ante hec tempora pro expeditacione canum suorum solverunt ; et super hoc datus est dies eidem Priori hie usque diem Lune proximum post mensem Pasche apud Pikering de audiendo judicio suo. Ad quern diem apud Pikering coram prefatis Justiciariis venit predictus Prior per attornatum suum predictum* et dicit quod cum in magna carta de libertatibus Anglie contineatur quod sancta ecclesia libera sit et habeat
reason of his tenure of lands in Scalby neither he nor any of his pre- decessors has ever paid anything in respect of his lands in Cloughton for hundgeld. Nevertheless he was wont before this to be indicted every third year, as the custom is, for unlawed dogs, and when the men of the village compounded on behalf of Scalby Soke for unlawed dogs, and afterwards requested the Prior to pay his share of the com- position in respect of his lands in Cloughton, which is a hamlet of Scalby, neither the Prior nor any of his predecessors paid anything, but the bailiff of Pickering Castle for the time being levied and received the composition entirely from the [? rest of the] Soke. More- over, whenever it happened that the men of the Soke were fined in this behalf, the steward of the Soke for the time being asserted that he was to be relieved (?) as to the Prior's share of the fine. So that one way or another neither the Prior nor any of his predecessors ever before these times paid anything for hundgeld. The Prior is ordered to attend on Monday, 15 May, 1335, to hear judgment delivered. He appeared by his attorney and said that in Magna Charta f it is provided that the Holy Church shall be free, and shall enjoy her whole rights and liberties inviolate, and that he and all his predecessors in * See p. 8i,j>ost. t Sect. 1.
8 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
omnia jura sua integra et libertates suas Mesas, et ipse Prior et omnes Priores loci predicti, predecessores sui, a tempore quo non extat memoria semper exonerati fuerunt virtute carte predicte de hujusmodi expeditacione canum suorum, et ipse nee aliquis predecessorum suorum aliquid a tempore predicto pro expeditacione predicta alicui solverunt prout compertum est per veredictum predictum, petit judicium etc. Ideo idem Prior ad presens eat inde sine die, salvo semper jure domini Regis et Comitis, si alias inde loqui voluerit etc.
[260] *Iidem jurati presentant quod Abbas de Ryevall piscatus est sepissime in aquis de Derewent, Costa et Rya que sunt dominice aque et bunde foreste de Pikeryng ad dampnum domini Comitis, nesciunt quowaranto; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum. Postea venit predictus Abbas et dicit quod quidam Eustachius filius Johannisf olim dum mariscus subtus Pikeryng fuit in manibus pro- genitoris domini Regis nunc tenuit in eodem marisco dimidiam carucatam terre hidate J que nunc est ipsius Abbatis et infra divisas suas ejusdem marisci, qui quidem mariscus et terra modo sunt maneria de Loftmarreys, Lund, Neustede et Kekmarreys, quos dominus Henricus secundus quondam Rex Anglie progenitor domini Regis nunc dedit Deo et Beate Marie et ecclesie sue de Ryevall et monachis ibidem
his office of Prior were ever from ancient time exonerated from paying hundgeld by virtue of the said deed, and have never paid anything as the verdict of the jury finds to be the case. He prays judgment. Judgment is given that the Prior be acquitted on the present occasion without prejudice to the right of the King and Earl to raise the question on a future occasion.
The jury also present that the Abbot of Rievaulx has often fished in the waters of the Derwent, Costa, and Rye, which are demesne waters and boundaries of Pickering Forest, injuring thereby the Earl ; by what right they know not. He is summoned, appears and pleads that Eustace, son of John, formerly while the marsh below Pickering was in the hands of an ancestor of the present King, held within the boundaries of the marsh half a carucate of hided land, which now belongs to the Abbot. The marsh and land together comprise the Manors of Loftmarishes, Lund, Newstead, and Kekkemarsh, which Henry II. granted to the Abbey of St. Mary of Rievaulx, together with the meadows, pastures, waters, fisheries, mills, and other things
• See Rot. Pat. 4 Rich II., pt. I, m. 35.
+ He was the father of William de Vescy. See Surtees Society, Vol. LXXXIII., p. 138.
% I apprehend that this word refers to taxation. It might, perhaps, be rendered geldable.
COUCHER BOOK. 9
Deo servientibus cum pertinenciis suis in pratis, pasturis, in aquis, piscariis et molendinis et omnibus aliis rebus per certas metas in eadem carta contentas, ad que quidem maneria pertinuit ab antiquo et de jure pertinere debet communa(m) piscaria(m) :* unde dicit quod in predictis aquis de Derewent et Rya, videlicet a loco ubi Alverstanbek cadit in Ryam usque ad locum ubi Costa cadit in Ryam, ipse et omnes predecessores sui Abbates loci illius piscati sunt ut in piscaria sua pertinenti ad terram predictam hidatam, et in predicta aqua de Costa, scilicet ubi solum ipsius Abbatis se extendit ex utraque parte ejusdem, idem Abbas et omnes Abbates loci predicti predecessores sui a tempore quo non extat memoria piscati f sunt ut in solo suo proprio tanquam parcella eorundem maneriorum et in predicta aqua de Costa scilicet ubi idem Abbas solum habet ex una parte ejusdem idem Abbas et omnes Abbates loci predicti predecessores sui semper a tempore quo non extat memoria piscati sunt ut in piscaria sua pertinenti ad terram hidatam predictam que sunt maneria sua predicta : et hoc paratus est verificare per ministros ejusdem foreste. Ideo inquiratur inde Veritas per eosdem. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores super premissis jurati et onerati dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Abbas qui nunc est et similiter omnes Abbates loci predicti pre-
appurtenant thereto by the boundaries mentioned in the deed, to which Manors common of fishery has ever from ancient time belonged and ought of right to belong. Therefore he claims that he and his predecessors in the office of Abbot have fished in the waters of the Derwent and Rye from the place where Allerston Beck falls into the Rye to the place where the Costa falls into the Rye, as in a fishery appurtenant to his land ; and also in the Costa where the soil on both sides belongs to the Abbot he and his predecessors in office have from ancient time fished as in their own land as parcel of the same Manors, and in the Costa where he owns the soil only on one side he and his predecessors in office have from ancient time fished as in a fishery appurtenant to the land which comprises the Manors above-mentioned. He asks that an inquiry may be directed. The foresters, verderers, and regarders sworn and charged say upon their oaths that the present Abbot, and likewise his predecessors in office, have ever from ancient
* Sic, but in Rot. Pat. 4 Rich. II. we find communam piscarie et communam pasture. We should expect communa in each case. Letters and words enclosed in round brackets appear in the text, but should presumably be omitted. Letters and words enclosed in square brackets do not appear in the text, but should presumably be inserted.
f As the next sentence is omitted from the Exchequer copy it is clear that the Duchy Coucher cannot have been copied from it unless the scribe of the latter referred to the original rolls.
IO DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
decessores sui semper a tempore quo non extat memoria piscati sunt in aqua predicta de Costa ubi idem Abbas solum habet ex utraque parte ut in solo suo proprio, et in predictis aquis de Derewent et Rya per divisas predictas et similiter in predicta aqua de Costa ubi solum ipsius Abbatis se extendit ex una parte ejusdem aque tantum versus Ryam, idem Abbas qui nunc est et similiter omnes Abbates loci predicti predecessores sui semper a tempore quo non extat memoria piscati sunt in eisdem ut in piscaria sua pertinenti ad predictam terram hidatam que est maneria predicta.* Et quia predictus Eustachius Alius Johannis tempore progenitoris domini Regis nunc antequam idem Abbas qui nunc est seu aliquis predecessorum suorum aliquid in marisco predicto habuit seu habuerunt, tenuit, ideo idem Abbas habeat et teneat piscarias predictas, salvo semper jure Regis et Comitis cum alias inde loqui voluerit.
Iidem jurati presentant quod cum Abbas de Whiteby habeat unum clausum apud [260b] Gotheland infra forestam istam loco qui vocatur Frerestede ubi ab antiquo habere debet viginti vaccas et unum taurum solummodo et non plura averiaf per decern et aliquando plus ad nocumentum ferarum istius foreste, nesciunt quo waranto ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea apud Hakenesse infra libertatem predicti Abbatis venit predictus Abbas et placitavit prout alibi patet. Ideo nichil ulterius hie.
time fished in the Costa where the Abbot owns the soil on both sides as in his own land, and in the Derwent and Rye between the limits above mentioned, and in the Costa where the Abbot owns the soil on one side only towards the Rye, as in their fishery appurtenant to his Manors. And since Eustace, the son of John, in the days of the King's ancestor held it before the Abbot or any of his predecessors had any right to the marsh, therefore the Abbot may hold the fishery, without prejudice to the right of the King and the Earl to raise the question on another occasion.
The jury also present that whereas the Abbot of Whitby has a close at Goathland within the forest in a place called Friarstead, where from ancient time he ought to have twenty cows and one bull only [he sur- charges it with] ten [cows] and sometimes more, injuring the deer of the forest, by what right they know not. He is summoned and appears at Hackness as mentioned elsewhere. No further proceedings are taken here.
* Rot. Pat. ends here with the words prout idem Abbas superius asserit ideo Abbas inde sine die salvo semper jure etc. + Evidently some words are omitted.
COUCHER BOOK. II
Iidem jurati presentant quod Abbas de Whiteby qui nunc est et quidam tenentes sui de ipsius dimissione tenent infra forestam istam loco qui dicitur Westcroft xxviij acras terre de veteri assarto et ilium assartum inclusum tenent et dicti tenentes pro qualibet acra ejusdem assarti reddent dicto Abbati quolibet anno vjd : nesciunt quo waranto ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea apud Hakenesse infra libertatem predicti Abbatis venit predictus Abbas et placitavit prout alibi patet. Ideo nichil ulterius hie etc.
Iidem jurati presentant quod idem Abbas de Whiteby tenet unam vaccariam in Gotheland in foresta ista ad dampnum domini Comitis et nocumentum ferarum ejusdem foreste, nesciunt quo waranto, per quod preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea apud Hakenesse infra libertatem predicti Abbatis venit predictus Abbas et placitavit prout alibi patet. Ideo nichil ulterius hie etc.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Gilbertus de Aton capit liberacionem de housebote et haibote in boscis de Hoton et Aton et in bosco de Ayclifside et Troucedale ex parte boriali et prosternere facit ligna in eisdem et vendidit, clamando essendi extra regardum foreste, nesciunt quo waranto ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit predictus Gilbertus et inde allocutus dicit quod nichil dedit nee vendidit quoad Hoton et Aton prout superius pre- sentatum est et hoc petit quod inquiratur per ministros ejusdem foreste ; et quoad residuum predicte presentacionis dicit quod ipse et
The jury also present that the present Abbot of Whitby and some of his leasehold tenants hold twenty-eight acres of old assart within the forest in a place called Westcroft, at a yearly rent of 6d an acre paid to the Abbot, by what right they know not. The Abbot is sum- moned and appears at Hackness as mentioned elsewhere. No further proceedings are taken here.
The jury also present that the Abbot of Whitby holds a cowhouse in Goathland in the forest, injuring the Earl and annoying the deer of the forest, by what right they know not. He is summoned and appears at Hackness as mentioned elsewhere. No further proceedings are taken here.
The jury also present that Gilbert de Aton takes livery of housebote and haybote in these woods, Hutton Bushell, Ayton, Ayclifside, and Troutsdale on the north, and fells logs in them and sells all this, claiming to be quit of regard ; by what right they know not. He is summoned, appears, and when charged says that as to Hutton Bushell and Ayton he neither gave nor sold aught as charged in the indict- ment. He asks that an inquiry may be directed. As to the rest of the indictment he says that he and his ancestors have ever from
12 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
omnes antecessores sui a tempore quo non extat memoria ceperunt liberacionem de housebote et haybote et tenuerunt boscum in Ayclif- side et Troucedale extra regardum foreste et vendiderunt et dederunt et prostraverunt boscum tam siccum quam viridem in bosco predicto et hoc paratus est verificare per ministros ejusdem foreste. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores jurati ad hoc dicunt super sacramentum suum quod predictus Gilbertus non vendidit nee dedit liberacionem prout superius presentatum est. Ideo idem Gilbertus inde sine die. Postea venit predictus Gilbertus et finem fecit cum domino Comite pro clamio suo in hac parte ponendo et admittitur per xxd per plegium Ricardi de Naulton et Henrici de Kelke.
Iidem presentant quod Gilbertus de Aton agistare facit extranea animalia in marisco de Hoton extra coopertum ad nocumentum ferarum domini istius foreste, nesciunt quo waranto ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit predictus Gilbertus et dicit quod ipse et omnes antecessores sui tenentes [261] manerium suum de Hoton Bussel a tempore quo non extat memoria seisiti fuerunt de hujusmodi agistamento tanquam pertinente manerio predicto, et dicit quod ipse in principio istius instantis Itineris inter alias libertates clamavit agistare in Hoton Ker qui est idem mariscus, quod quidem clamium sibi allocatum fuit, et de hoc vocat recordum rotulorum istius Itineris. Et super hoc scrutatis rotulis clamiorum istius Itineris hoc idem compertum est, et ministri testantur quod mariscus
ancient time taken livery of housebote and haybote, and held the woods of Ayclifside and Troutsdale as quit of regard of the forest, and sold and given away and felled both dry and green wood in the same wood. He asks that an inquiry may be directed as to this also. The foresters, verderers, and regarders sworn say upon their oaths that Gilbert never gave or sold any livery wood as charged in the indict- ment. Afterwards Gilbert appears and makes a composition of Is 8d with the Earl for leave to make his claim in this behalf. Sureties, Richard de Naulton and Henry de Kelk.
The jury also present that Gilbert de Ayton causes the cattle of non-residents to be agisted in Hutton Marsh beyond the covert, annoying the deer of the forest, by what right they know not. He is summoned, appears, and says that he and his ancestors while hold- ing the Manor of Hutton Bushell have from ancient time been seised of this agistment as appurtenant to the Manor, and that at the com- mencement of this present Eyre he claimed, amongst other liberties, the right to agist in Hutton Carr, which is the same as the marsh. The claim was allowed. He craves leave to refer to the Forest Rolls. On searching the Rolls this is found to be the case, and the officers of
COUCHER BOOK. I 3
de Hoton et Hoton Ker sunt una et eadem placea. Ideo idem Gilbertus eat inde sine die.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Magister Johannes de Edbreston, ber- carius Thome del Stroyer, Willelmus del Howe et Robertus filius Alani de Northumbria superonerant pasturam in foresta ista per attraccionem omnium extraneorum de patria ad nocumentum ferarum domini istius foreste et dampnum domini ; ideo preceptum est vice- comiti quod venire faciat eos. Postea venerunt predicti Magister Johannes, Thomas, Willelmus et Robertus filius Alani et super premissa [? premissis] allocuti dicunt singillatim quod ipsi non possunt hoc dedicere et petunt quod possunt admitti ad finem faciendum cum domino in hac parte et admittitur [? admittuntur] prout alibi patet.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Robertus Couperell nuper garcio forestarii in Foulwode, Thomas le Fleccher garcio Ricardi de Helmele, Radulphus filius Matillidis nuper garcio Galfridi de Kynthorp, Thomas le Pynder nuper garcio Roberti de Neustede wodewardi de Thornton, Rogerus garcio Ricardi de Dalby nuper wodewardi de Brumpton, Ricardus Malleson garcio ejusdem Ricardi, Thomas Barry nuper garcio in Haia, Willelmus Reysemist [?], Ricardus Shiphill, Henricus Foushau et Johannes filius Ade garcio Hugonis de Yeland non jurati divadiant quamplures homines in foresta ista transeuntes,* et sic divadiarunt Hugonem Geryng et Johannem Edmundum et quamplures alios contra assisam foreste ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos. Postea venerunt predicti Robertus et alii et finem fecerunt cum domino prout patet in rotulis de extractis. Ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
the forest prove that Hutton Carr and Hutton Marsh are one and the same place. Gilbert is acquitted.
The jury also present that Master John of Ebberston, the shepherd of Thomas del Stroyer, William del Howe, and Robert, son of Alan of Northumberland, surcharge the pasturage in the forest by taking in cattle of non-residents in the country, annoying the deer of the forest, and injuring the Earl. They are summoned, appear, and cannot deny the charge, but ask to be allowed to compound for their offence. They make a composition as appears elsewhere.
The jury also present that the servants whose names are mentioned, although unsworn, take pledges from persons passing through the forest, and in particular from Hugh Geryng, John Edmund, and several others, contrary to the assize of the forest. They are sum- moned, appear, and make a composition as appears in the Estreat Rolls. Further proceedings are stayed.
* This probably refers to the custom of cheminage.
14 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Robertus de Wygan nuper forestarius equites * in foresta ista colore officii sui cepit averia de Edbreston in communa de Roston et Wykham et ea fugavit de foresta usque Hakenesse et ea ibi imparcavit contra assisam foreste quousque homines dicte villate finem fecerant cum eo per dimidiam marcam pro dictis averiis liberandis ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit et finem fecit occasione predicta per dimidiam marcam per plegium Henrici de Kelk et Radulphi de Morton.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Johannes de Shirburn cariavit maere- mium de Stonidale infra forestam ad estimacionem unius quercus precii vjd usque Shirburn ad domos suas ibi edificandas contra assisam foreste ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit et finem fecit cum domino per plegium Thome Bret et Radulphi de Morton prout patet in extractis.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Hugo de Yeland nuper forestarius equites del Estward [261b] istius foreste colore ballive sue habet unura jumentum cum duobus staggis in Haia de Scalby, et quod propter desidiam ipsius Hugonis et insufficientem custodiam siccus boscus et ramunculi a predicta Haia de Scalby annuatim deportantur ad damp- num domini ijs; et idem Hugo colore ballive sue capit de quolibet
The jury also present that Robert de Wygan, late riding forester, under colour of his office, took cattle belonging to Ebberston in the common of Ruston and Wykeham, drove them out of the forest to Hackness, and impounded them there contrary to the assize of the forest until the men of Ebberston had redeemed them for 6s 8d. He is summoned, appears, and compounds for 6s 8d. Sureties, Henry de Kelk and Ralph de Morton.
The jury also present that John de Shirburn carried timber, esti- mated to consist of an oak worth 6d, from Staindale [?] within the forest, to Shirburn to build his houses there, contrary to the assize of the forest. He is summoned, appears, and compounds as appears elsewhere. Sureties, Thomas Bret and Ralph de Morton.
The jury also present that Hugh de Yeland, late riding forester of the East Ward, under colour of his bailiwick, keeps a mare and two colts in Scalby Hay, and through his sloth and insufficient watchfulness dry wood and small branches are yearly carried away from the Hay, causing the Earl to suffer damage amounting to 2s. Furthermore, Hugh, under colour of his bailiwick, takes half a bushel of oats from
* At Vol. II., N.S., p. 198, he is only called forester. This is the first mention of the office.
COUCHER BOOK. I 5
homine de Hartoft dimidium bussellum avene* in magnam oppressionem hominum predictorum ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit et finem fecit prout alibi patet.
Iidem jurati presentant quod cum Johannes t de Monemuth viginti solidos, unum toftum et duas bovatas terre cum pertinenciis in Pikeryng habeat, Johannes Scot triginta solidos per annum et Willelmus Courtman quinque solidos de domino habeant essendi forestarii in le Westward ad custagia domini, tamen predicti Johannes de Mone- muth, Johannes et Willelmus superonerant omnes homines de victu suo et garcionum suorum sibi prestando ad nocumentum patrie ; ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos etc. Postea venerunt et finem fecerunt prout alibi patet.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Ricardus Cokard de Helmesley, Johannes de Harlay, Willelmus Gower forestarius de Scalby, Langedon et Foulewode colore officii sui colligunt garbas in autumpno et lanam et habent garciones ad victum patrie, ubi nullos habere debuerunt ad nocumentum et dampnum patrie. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos etc. Postea venerunt predicti Ricardus, Johannes et Willelmus et fecerunt finem pro se cum domino prout patet in rotulis de extractis. Ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Johannes de Shirburn extraxit maeremium cujusdam domus in Pykeryng que est infra forestam usque
every man of Hartoft, greatly oppressing the village. He is sum- moned, appears, and compounds as appears elsewhere.
The jury also present that whereas John de Monmouth has 20s [? a year] a toft and two oxgangs of land, with the appurtenances in Pick- ering, John Scot 30s a year, and William Courtman 5s at the Earl's expense for being foresters in the West Ward, yet they surcharge all the inhabitants with their living and that of their servants, annoying the country. They are summoned, appear, and compound as appears elsewhere.
The jury also present that Richard Cockard of Helmsley, John de Harlay, and William Gower, forester of Scalby, Langdale, and Full- wood, under colour of their office, collect sheaves in autumn and wool and keep servants on board in the country, as they ought not, annoy- ing and injuring the country. They are summoned, appear, and make composition as appears in the Estreat Rolls. Further proceed- ings are stayed against them.
The jury also present that John de Shirburn drew the timber of a
* See Foster oats, Vol. II., N.S., p. 7.
+ Sic in Exchequer and evidently altered from homines which occurs in the Duchy Coucher.
l6 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Shirburn extra forestam, et quod Johannes Bele de Westhesekrton extraxit maeremium cujusdam grangie in Pykeryng que est infra forestam usque Westheselarton extra forestam, et quod idem Johannes de Shirburn et Thomas Bret similiter extraxerunt maeremium cujusdam domus apud Pikeryng infra limites foreste usque Shirburn extra forestam ad dampnum domini et contra assisam foreste. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos etc. Postea venerunt predicti Johannes de Shirburn, Johannes Bele et Thomas, et quilibet eorum fecit finem pro se cum domino prout patet in rotulis de extractis. Ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Henricus de Hykkelyng, Senescallus Thome Wake de Lydel domini de Cropton, dedit cuidam Johanni de Monemuth duos ramos quercuum in le Frith absque alicujus forestarii liberacionem [? liberacione] contra assisam foreste. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit predictus Henricus et finem fecit cum domino per xxd prout patet in rotulis de extractis. Ideo nichil ulterius de eo.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Willelmus de Shepley, Rogerus de Fissheburn, Ricardus Dayes, Willelmus de Fissheburn, Thomas de Bos- shale, Ricardus Cholman, Bartholomeus de Flaucourt [? Fanacourt], Galfridus de Lepyndon, Thomas Sturmy, [262] Robertus Tuphirst, Michael Forestarius, Willelmus filius Thome de Egton, Thomas de Pykton et Johannes Barbour vi et armis impediverunt regardatores facere regardum suum in foresta predicta in Ravenclif in dampnum et contemptum domini. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire
house in Pickering within the forest to Shirburn without the forest, and John Beal of West Heslerton drew the timber of a barn in Pickering within the boundaries of the forest to West Heslerton without the forest, and John de Shirburn and Thomas Bret likewise drew the timber of a house at Pickering within the boundaries of the forest to Shirburn without the forest, injuring the Earl and contrary to the assize of the forest. They are summoned, appear, and each makes composition as appears in the Estreat Rolls. Further proceedings are stayed against them.
Henry de Hickling, steward to Thomas Wake of Liddel, Lord of Cropton, gave two oak branches to one John de Monmouth without livery of the foresters contrary to the assize of the forest. He is summoned, appears and makes composition for is 8d as appears in the Estreat Rolls. Further proceedings are stayed against him.
Several men forcibly impeded the regarders from making their regard at Raincliff within the forest, thereby injuring and insulting the Earl. They are summoned and appear. Roger de Fishburn and
COUCHER BOOK. 1 7
faciat eos. Postea venerunt predicti Willelmus et omnes alii, et pre- dictus Rogerus de Fissheburn protulit cartam domini de pardonacione istius transgressionis sibi facte, et pred ictus Johannes Barbour protulit literam domini Justiciariis hie directam que testatur quod dominus pardonavit ei transgressionem predictara. Ideo ipsi ad presens eant inde quieti. Et predicti Willelmus et omnes alii fecerunt finem prout alibi patet in rotulis de extractis etc.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Edmundus Lacy de Folketon, Willelmus de Salford persona ecclesie de Folketon et Robertus de Yemelyne* jam diu post ultimum iter Justiciariorum istius foreste fecerunt qundam purpresturam in foresta ista que continet quater viginti acras pasture de marisco infra forestam istam, illam includendo ex parte una longitudinis dimidie acref et appropriando sibi dictum solum et ilium solum asserendo non esse de foresta; precii cujuslibet acre per annum iiijd ; nesciunt quo warranto. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos. Postea venerunt predicti Edmundus et Willelmus et dicunt quod nullum clausum fecerunt ibidem : dicunt preterea quod villata de Folketon est omnino extra forestam preter quandam placeam continentem triginta acras pasture versus Cayton distans ab eis, ultra quandam partem marisci in eadem foresta que est eadem placea de qua fit mencio superius in presenta- cione, qui quidem mariscus in ultimo Itinere Justiciariorum istius foreste, tempore Edmundi nuper Comitis Lancastrie, patris domini Comitis nunc, arentatus fuit ipsi Comiti et heredibus suis per Ricardum Lacy patrem ipsius Edmundi per vs per annum annuatim eidem Comiti
John Barbour produce pardons from the Earl ; the rest make com- position as appears in the Estreat Rolls.
Edmund Lacy of Folkton, William de Salford, Rector of Folkton, and Robert de Themelyne, long after the last Eyre, made a purpresture in the forest containing eighty acres of pasture in the marsh (at 4d an acre), by inclosing half an acre in length [?] and appropriating the ground, asserting that it was no part of the forest, by what right they know not. They are summoned, appear, and deny having made an inclosure. Moreover they say that the township of Folkton is entirely without the forest except a piece of ground containing thirty acres some distance from them at Cayton, and besides the piece of ground mentioned in the indictment being a portion of the marsh in the forest, which marsh at the last Eyre in the days of Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, was rented from the Earl and his heirs by Richard Lacy, father of Edmund, at the annual rent of 5s, to be paid to the Earl
* Themelyne in Exchequer.
t I apprehend that this is corrupt. Probably knee is the true reading. VOL. III., N.S. C
1 8 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
solvendos pro chacea et rechacea sua ad pasturam suam predictam habenda, quem quidem redditum homines ejusdem ville adhuc solvunt, et sic dicunt quod ipsi tenent placeam illam de domino Comite pro redditu predicto absque aliqua injuria seu purprestura contra assisam foreste facienda, et hoc petunt quod inquiratur. Ideo inquiratur inde Veritas per ministros istius foreste et alios. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores ad hoc electi et jurati dicunt super sacra- mentum suum quod mariscus de quo fit mencio in presentacione continet in se quater viginti acras pasture et est infra forestam et pertinet ad villain [? villas] de Lebreston, Kilwardby et Cayton, ita quod predicta villa de Folketon que est omnino extra forestam et predicte ville de Lebreston, Kilwardby et Cayton que sunt infra forestam inter se non comunant, set dicunt quod in ultimo itinere Justiciariorum istius foreste homines predicte ville de Folketon dictum mariscum arentarunt domino Edmundo nuper Comiti, patri Comitis nunc, pro vs per annum annuatim eidem Comiti et heredibus suis solvendis imperpetuum pro communa sua ibidem habenda, qui quidem redditus adhuc annuatim solvitur custodi Castri de Pikering. Quesiti eciam iidem jurati si [262b] predictus mariscus plus valeat per annum quam predictos quinque solidos, qui dicunt quod predictus mariscus valet per annum xiijs iiijd, et quod non est ad dampnum domini neque ad nocumentum ferarum istius foreste licet homines predicti de Folketon habeant communam pasturam in marisco predicto pro xiijs iiijd per annum. Ideo iidem Edmundus, Willelmus et Robertus et homines ville predicte de Folketon onerentur erga dominum de superplusagio
for the right of driving cattle to and from the pasture. This rent the men of the village still pay, wherefore they claim that in holding the piece of ground at the above rents they do no injury or purpresture or aught contrary to the assize of the forest. They ask that an inquiry may be directed. The foresters, verderers, and regarders chosen and sworn say on their oaths that the marsh mentioned in the indictment contains eighty acres of pasture, is within the forest and belongs to the townships of Lebberston, Killerby, and Cayton, so that these townships and the township of Folkton, which is entirely outside the forest, do not intercommon, but they say that at the last Eyre the men of the township of Folkton rented a right of common in the marsh from Earl Edmund at the annual rent of 5s, to be paid to the Earl and his heirs, which rent is still paid annually to the keeper of Pickering Castle. Being asked whether the marsh is worth more than 5s a year, they say that it is worth 13s 4d, and that it will not injure the Earl or annoy the deer of the forest if the men of Folkton enjoy their common of pasture in the marsh at the rent of 13s 4d, Therefore Edmund,
COUCHER BOOK. 19
valoris marisci predicti per annum a principio istius instantis itineris usque nunc videlicet pro quinque annis,* ultra vs, quolibet anno viijs iiijd, qui se extendit ad xljs viijd, et dictum est eisdem quod amodo ibidem non communant nisi pro predicto redditu xiijs iiijdf annuatim domino Comiti solvendo periculo quod incumbit juxta assisam foreste.
Iidem jurati presentant quoad articulum de thesauro invento infra limites foreste quod Willelmus de Touthorp et Agnes uxor ejus, Alicia que fuit uxor Willelmi de Maulay et Willelmus de Langebarn [? Langebaurgh] vagantes per medium istius foreste invenerunt in quodam loco vocato Wydaleheved et Bonestauris infra forestam istam thesaurum scilicet aurum, argentum et alia jocalia ad valenciam viginti librarum quod domino Comiti pertinet, et asportaverunt, et manentes sunt in patria. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos. Postea venerunt et dicunt quod ipsi nullum thesaurum invenerunt prout eis imponitur et de hoc ponunt se super patriam. Et jurati ad hoc electi dicunt super sacramentum suum quod predicti Willelmus Langebarn, Alicia et Willelmus de Touthorp et Agnes uxor ejus nullum thesaurum invenerunt sicut de eis presentatum est. Ideo ipsi eant inde sine die.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Edmundus de Lacy [et] Willelmus de Brygham de Flixton vi et armis et contra pacem domini Regis impedi- verunt regardatores istius foreste facere regardum in Cayton Ker,
William, and Robert, and the men of the township of Folkton are charged in favour of the Earl with the excess of value from the com- mencement of the present Eyre — i.e., five years at 8s 4d a year, in all £2 is 8d, and they are forbidden under penalties imposed by the assize of the forest to common in future except at the rent of 13s 4A
As to treasure trove within the forest, William de Touthorp and Agnes his wife, Alice, late wife of Wm. de Maulay, and Wm. de Lange- baurgh, whilst wandering through the forest found at Wydale Head and Bonestauris [?] treasure consisting of gold, silver, and other jewels to the value of ^20, which belongs to the Earl, and carried it off. They are summoned, appear, deny that they found any treasure as charged, and ask that an inquiry may be directed. The jury chosen for this purpose say on their oath that the persons indicted found no such treasure. Therefore they are acquitted.
Edmund de Lacy and William de Brigham, of Flixton, forcibly and against the Earl's peace prevented the regarders of the forest from making their regard in Cayton Carr, Lebberston Carr, and Osgodby
* This is interesting as showing the duration of the Eyre.
t But later they seem to have paid only the old rent of 5s. See Vol. I., N.S., pp. 19, 52.
20 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Lebreston Ker et Osgodby Ker prout eis de mandato domini Regis injunctum fuit, et manentes sunt in patria. Ideo preceptum est vice- comiti quod venire faciat eos etc. Postea venerunt predicti Edmundus et Willelmus et dicunt quod ipsi in nullo sunt culpabiles de trans- gressione predicta et de hoc ponunt se super ministros ejusdem. Ideo inquiratur inde Veritas per eosdem. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores ad hoc electi dicunt super sacramentum suum quod predicti Edmundus et Willelmus in nullo sunt culpabiles de transgressione predicta. Ideo ipsi eant inde quieti.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Robertus Themelyn de Folketon, Philippus serviens Simonis de Aton, Thomas de Helme, Ricardus le Taillour, Robertus le Shortred, Willelmus Cook, Willelmus filius Johannis Lacy, Galfridus serviens persone de Folketon et Robertus Chamberlayn et alios [? alii] quamplures homines ville de Folketon qui sunt omnino extra forestam jam viginti quatuor annis elapsis superoneraverunt pasturam in quodam marisco infra forestam istam prope predictam villam [263] de Foweton cum averiis suis et similiter combusserunt decern cassos* turbarum, fhggorum et cirporum quos homines ville de Lebreston, Gristhorp, Cayton et Osgodby coadun- averant sumptibus suis propriis tanquam in communa sua pro expensis suis ivernagii in exilium et nocumentum ferarum domini istius foreste et contra pacem etc et manentes sunt in patria. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos etc. Postea venerunt predicti Robertus et alii et dicunt quod ipsi non superoneraverunt pasturam predictam nee aliquos hujusmodi cassos combusserunt sicut de eis superius presentatum est et de hoc ponunt se super patriam. Ideo net inde Jurata. Qui scilicet forestarii, viridarii et regardatores ad hoc electi et jurati dicunt super sacramentum suum quod quoad superone-
Carr, as they were bidden to do by the King's order. They are sum- moned, appear, and plead not guilty of the offence, and ask that an inquiry may be directed. They are found not guilty and acquitted.
Robert Themelyn, of Folkton, Philip, servant of Simon de Aton, Thomas de Helme, Richard the Tailor, Robert le Shortred, William Cook, William, son of John Lacy, Geoffrey, servant of the Rector of Folkton, Robert Chamberlain, and several other men of Folkton which is entirely outside the forest, have for the last four-and-twenty years surcharged with their cattle the pasture in a certain marsh within the forest, near the village of Folkton, and likewise have burnt ten stacks of turves, sedges, and rushes which the men of Lebberston, Gristhorpe, Cayton, and Osgodby had at their own expense collected for the winter in exercise of their common rights. They are summoned, * Evidently either a clerical error or synonym for tassos, which occurs later.
COUCHER BOOK. 21
racionem pasture in nullo sunt culpabiles. Dicunt eciam quod cum distancia fuisset inter villatas de Lebreston, Gristhorp, Cayton et Osgodby et predictam villain de Foweton pro quadam placea prati pre- dictarum villarum que sunt infra forestam, et ipse villate pratum* suum predictum falcarunt et tassos inde fecerunt, predicti homines de Foweton tassos predictos totaliter et maliciose combusserunt. Ideo predicti Robertus et alii quoad superoneracionem pasture eant inde quieti, et quoad residuum capiantur. Postea venerunt predicti Gal- fridus et Robertus Chamberleyn et fecerunt finem cum domino, videlicet predictus Galfridus pro quinque solidis et predictus Robertus pro quinque solidis prout patet in rotulis de extractis.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Michael de Bulmere de Aton et Ricardus Rideman, Thomas de Snaynton, Johannes Pedes, Willelmus de Osgodby, Johannes Ryntour, Robertus Derlyng, Johannes Tome- lynsone de Irton, Johannes Pedour, Willelmus de Osgodby, f et Johannes Alius Ricardi le Clerc consueti sunt fodere turbas in marisco de Hoton extra communam suam in foresta ista, et similiter depascere averia sua ibidem ubi non habent communam ad dampnum domini et nocumentum ferarum. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos etc. Postea venerunt predicti Michael et alii et dicunt quod non possunt hoc dedicere. Ideo ipsi committuntur prisone. Postea venerunt et pecierunt quod possunt admitti ad finem faciendum cum domino in hac parte et admittuntur per quadraginta solidos per plegium alter alterius.
appear, and deny that they have surcharged the pasture or burnt the stacks. They ask that an inquiry may be directed. They are found not guilty of surcharging the pasture, but the jury say that when there was a difierence between the townships of Lebberston, Gristhorpe, Cayton, and Osgodby on the one hand, and Folkton on the other hand with regard to a piece of meadow belonging to the first-mentioned townships which are within the forest, and such townships mowed and stacked their hay, the men of Folkton maliciously burnt the stacks completely. Afterwards Geoffrey and Robert Chamberlain appear and each compound for five shillings.
Michael de Buhner, of Ayton, and others are wont to cut turves in Hutton Marsh beyond the common rights in the forest, and likewise to feed their cattle there where they have no common. They are sum- moned, appear, plead guilty, and are sentenced to be imprisoned. Afterwards, at their request, they are permitted to compound for 40s, one being surety for another.
* I translate this hay for want of a better word. But it no doubt refers to the sedges that grow on a marsh.
t TliCoC tsvo namci are probably muely repetition.
22 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Henricus le Fouler de Bergh, Adam le Fouler de Aton, Willelmus Hare et Willelmus Fox sunt captores volucrum in foresta cum visco, laquibus et aliis ingeniis ad nocumentum ferarum et dampnum domini. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos. Postea venerunt et finem fecerunt cum domino Comite prout patet in rotulis de extractis.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Gilbertus de Aton* summoniri fecit per duos annos post summonicionem istius itineris cotarios et tenentes de Hoton veniendum ad Curiam suam in Hoton pro herbagio depasto cum averiis suis in foresta ista contra assisam foreste, nesciunt quo warranto. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum etc. Postea venit predictus Gilbertus et inde allocutus dicit quod non potest hoc dedicere. Ideo ipse committitur prisone. Postea venit et peciit quod possit [263b] admitti ad finem faciendum cum domino in hac parte et ei conceditur per ij marcas per plegium Willelmi Plays chivaler et Thome Bret prout alibi patet.
Iidem jurati presentant quod Gilbertus de Aton attraxit [? ad] boscum suum de Troucedale quem clamat tenere extra regardum de bosco et mora istius foreste qui est infra regardum apud Blaklousenese circiter numerum viginti acrarum more et amplius, nesciunt quo waranto. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum. Postea venit predictus Gilbertus et dicit quod ipse nichil attraxit ad boscum qui est extra regardum de bosco et mora istius foreste prout de eo presentatum
Henry the Fowler, of Barugh, Adam the Fowler, of Ayton, W'lliam Hare and William Fox catch birds in the forest by means of birdlime, nets, and other contrivances. They are summoned, appear, and com- pound as appears by the Estreat Rolls.
Gilbert de Ayton during two years after the commencement of the Eyre caused the cottars and tenants of Hutton Bushell to be sum- moned to appear at his Court for having pastured the herbage in the forest with their cattle contrary to the assize of the forest : by what right is not known. He is summoned, appears, pleads guilty and is sentenced to be imprisoned. At his request he is allowed to compound for £1 6s 8d. Sureties, Sir Wm. Plays and Thomas Bret.
Gilbert de Ayton has extended his claim to hold Troutsdale Wood outside the regard of the forest by adding over twenty acres of moor at Backleys Point [?], which should be within the regard. He is
* I apprehend that the Justice Court when sitting assumed exclusive jurisdiction, and the powers of smaller Courts were, for the time being, suspended, so that it was an offence for the latter to exercise a jurisdiction which, at another time, could have been lawfully exercised.
COUCHER BOOK. 23
est et petit quod inquiratur per omnes ministros istius foreste. Ideo inquiratur* inde Veritas per eosdem.
Iidem jurati presentant quod cum in instanti itinere allocatum sit forestariis de feodo in le Estward [? Westward] in clamiis suis quod habeant cabilicia ilia videlicet que per hachettum subforestariorum possunt dilacerari a stipidibus et non alia, Willelmus de Percy [? Percehay] miles unus forestariorum de feodo grandes ramos quer- cuum vento in parte a stipidibus dilaceratos et quosdam ad terram inclinatos et quosdam ad terram prostratos qui per cornerium hachetti sui non poterat dilacerare a stipidibus et quosdam radices grandes quercuum indies similiter fodit, succidit et asportavit ad dampnum dpmini. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eum. Postea venit predictus Willelmus de Percy et inde allocutus dicit quod ipse nichil fecit contra allocacionem in instanti itinere sibi factam et hoc petit quod inquiratur per ministros ejusdem foreste. Ideo inquiratur per eosdem. Qui scilicet viridariif et regardatores ad hoc jurati dicunt super sacramentum suum quod idem Willelmus cepit tres carrectatas bosci de grandis [? grandibus] ramis et stipidibus et radicibus quercuum contra formam allocacionis sibi facte. Ideo idem Willelmus committitur prisone et forestaria predicta capiatur in manum domini. Postea venit predictus Willelmus et peciit quod possit admitti ad finem faciendum cum domino Comite in hac parte et pro forestaria sua reha- benda et admittitur per finem xiijs iiijd prout patet in rotulis de finibus.
summoned, appears, pleads not guilty and claims an inquiry. The inquiry is directed.
The jury present that whereas in the present Eyre the claims of the foresters of fee in the Westward to have such browsewood as could be cut from the stems by the billhooks of the under foresters and none else was allowed, yet Sir William de Percehay, one of the foresters of fee, has cut off huge branches of oak partly severed from the stems by the wind, and some that were hanging down to the ground, and some that were felled to the ground which he could not sever with the edge of his billhook, and has dug up some huge roots of oaks and carried all away. He is summoned, appears, and denies that he has done aught in contravention to the claim as allowed. He asks for an inquiry which is directed. The verderers and regarders say that he took three cartloads of wood, composed of huge branches, stems, and roots, in contravention of what he was allowed. He is sentenced to be imprisoned and his office is seized in the Earl's hands. Afterwards, at his request, he is permitted to compound for his offence and for the restoration of his office at the sum of 13s 4A
* See later p. 98. t The omission of foresters may be intentional.
24 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
De transgressione viridis tarn infra dominica quam extra post ultimam assisam in foresta ista presentant iidem ministri et jurati quod Galfridus filius Juliane qui obiit cepit in Haia de Pikeryng infra dominicum unam quercum viridem precii ijd. ldeo respondeat domino Comiti Simon Sage de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod Hugo filius Galfridi qui obiit cepit apud Pikeryng spinas et corulos extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Willelmus Cut de Kirkeby tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Hugonis respondebit.
[264] Item presentant quod Johannes le Fotur qui obiit cepit ibidem virgas et corulos extra dominicum absque waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Robertus Wygan tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Johannis respondebit.
Item presentant quod Johannes de Aslacby super Tese cepit in haia predicta infra dominicum quatuor quercus precii iiijd, et dimissus fuit per manucapdon >m usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis et predictus Johannes respondebit domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iiijs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Rogerus Lagan qui obiit cepit ibidem infra
Offences of vert within the demesne and without committed since the last assize of the forest.
Geoffrey, son of Juliana, deceased, took in Pickering Hay [? Blansby Park] within the demesne a green oak, value 2d. Simon Sage is respon- sible for the value and for a fine of 2s.
Hugh, son of Geoffrey, deceased, took thorns and hazels outside the demesne at Pickering without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, William Cut, of Kirkby, is responsible.
John le Fotour, deceased, took poles and hazels outside the demesne without warrant. His successor, Robert Wygan, is responsible.
John de Aislaby upon Tees took in Pickering Hay within the demesne four oaks, value 4d. He was let out on bail but has not sur- rendered, and does not appear. His bail are to be sentenced. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible for the value and for a fine of 4s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so proceedings are stayed against them.
Roger Lagan, deceased, took there within the demesne two oaks, value 2d. His successor, John, his son and heir, is responsible. Fine 2 s.
COUCHER BOOK. 2$
dominicum duas quercus precii ijd, unde Johannes filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Rogeri respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item present-ant quod Alanus de Sneynton qui obiit cepit ibidem extra dominicum unam quercum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Margareta filia ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Alani respondebit.
Item presentant quod Thomas vicarius ecclesie de Thornton qui obiit cepit infra dominicum unam viridem quercum precii ob., unde Johannes de Chymyne tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Willelmi de la Chymyne manucaptoris predicti Thome respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd.
Item presentant quod Johannes filius Ade prepositi de Pikeryng qui obiit cepit in Haia predicta infra dominicum unam quercum precii ijd, unde Galfridus et Emma filii ejusdem Johannis tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Johannis respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod Willelmus filius Hugonis de Sneynton qui obiit cepit ibidem infra dominicum unam viridem quercum precii ob., unde Willelmus de Persay miles, Adam de Haukesgarth, Galfridus Spayne et Willelmus tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Rogeri de Wrelton manucaptoris predicti Willelmi filii Hugonis respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd.
Item presentant quod Willelmus Perceval qui obiit cepit ibidem infra dominicum unam viridem quercum precii ijd, unde Agnes que fuit uxor Thome filii Willelmi Perceval tenens terrarum et tenemen-
William de Snainton, deceased, took there without the demesne an oak without livery of the foresters or warrant. Margaret, his daughter and heiress, is responsible.
Thomas Vicar, of Thornton, deceased, took within the demesne a green oak, value id. John de Chimyne, successor to William de la Chymyne, one of his bail, is responsible. Fine 6d.
John, son of Adam, reeve of Pickering, deceased, took an oak within the demesne in the Hay, value 2d. His children and successors, Geoffrey and Emma, are responsible. Fine 2s.
William, son of Hugh de Snainton, deceased, took there within the demesne a green oak, value -|d. Sir William de Percehay, Adam de Hawsker, Geoffrey Spayne, and William, successors to Roger de Wrelton, one of his bail, are responsible. Fine 6d.
William Perceval, deceased, took there within the demesne a green oak, value 2d. Agnes, widow of Thomas, his son and successor, is responsible. Fine 2s.
26 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
torum que fuerunt ipsius Willelmi respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod Willelmus de Dogelby qui obiit cepit ibidem infra dominicum unam quercum viridem precii jd, unde Willelmus le Barker de Dolgelby tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Willelmi respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijd.
Item presentant quod Thomas del Hunthous qui obiit cepit in Haia de Pikering xl virides querculos precii vjs jd, unde Nicholaus Alius et heres ipsius Thome tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Thome respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iij li. xiijs.
[264b] Item presentant quod Ricardus atte Uphall qui obiit cepit ibidem extra dominicum unam viridem quercum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Ricardus del Uphall tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Ricardi atte Uphall respondebit.
Item presentant quod Petrus Walnot qui obiit cepit ramunculos quercuum extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Alexander de Bergh tenens terrarum que fuerunt Bernardi de Bergh nuper unius viridariorum et manucaptoris* ipsius Petri et Willelmus Latymer tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Roberti del Clif nuper alterius viridariorum et manucaptoris ejusdem Petri respondebunt.
Item presentant quod Thomas Colyer qui obiit cepit ibidem extra
William de Duggleby, deceased, took there within the demesne a green oak, value id. William, the tanner of Duggleby, his successor, is responsible. Fine is.
Thomas del Hunt House, deceased, took in Pickering Hay forty green oak saplings, value 6s id. His successor, Nicholas, his son and heir, is responsible. Fine ^3 13s od.
Richard atte Uphall, deceased, took there without the demesne a green oak without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, Richard del Uphall, is responsible.
Peter Walnut, deceased, took some small oak branches without the demesne without livery of the foresters or warrant. Alexander de Bergh, successor to Bernard de Bergh, and William Latymer, successor to Robert del Cliffe, late verderers and bail for Peter, are responsible.
Thomas Collyer, deceased, took there without the demesne a green
• Manucaptor presents some difficulty. Apparently this offender and others had been already fined, and the verderers or their successors are called to answer for the fines.
COUCHER BOOK. 27
dominicum unam viridem quercum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, unde iidera tenentes eorundem viridariorum responde- bunt.
Item presentant quod Robertus Tan de Ellerburn qui obiit cepit in Haia de Scalby viij virides quercus infra dominicum precii viijd, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem viijs.
Item presentant quod Austinus Crote qui obiit cepit infra dominicum sex virides quercus precii vjd, unde iidem tenentes eorundum viri- dariorum respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjs.
Item presentant quod Willelmus Alius Beatricis qui obiit cepit ibidem vj virides quercus infra dominicum precii vjd, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjs.
Item presentant quod Stut de Ellerburn qui obiit cepit ibidem extra dominicum unam viridem quercum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt.
Item presentant quod Austinus prepositus qui obiit cepit ibidem infra dominicum unam viridem quercum precii jd, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijd.
Item presentant quod Stephanus Alius Alani qui obiit cepit ibidem extra dominicum unam viridem quercum sine liberacione forestariorum
oak without livery of the foresters or warrant. The same persons responsible.
Robert Tan, of Ellerburn, deceased, took eight green oaks within the demesne in Scalby Hay, value 8d. The same persons responsible. Fine 8s.
Austin Crote, deceased, took within the demesne six green oaks, value 6d. The same persons responsible. Fine 6s.
William, son of Beatrice, deceased, took there* six green oaks, value 6d. The same persons responsible. Fine 6s.
Stut of Ellerburn, deceased, took there without the demesne a green oak without livery of the foresters or warrant. The same persons responsible.
Austin the reeve, deceased, took there within the demesne a green oak, value id. The same persons responsible. Fine Is.
Stephen son of Alan, deceased, took there without the demesne a
* ? In Scalby Hay.
28 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt.
Item presentant quod Johannes Gentil qui obiit cepit in Gundale infra dominicum unam viridem quercum precii jd unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijd.
Item presentant quod Willelmus Alius Haket qui obiit cepit ibidem infra dominicum unam viridem quercum precii jd, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijd.
Item presentant quod Robertus de Hampton persona ecclesie de Midelton cepit tres virides quercus per diversas vices subtus Cropton Castel, et idem persona cepit tercia vice ibidem unam viridem quercum extra dominicum domini absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia.
Item presentant quod Prior de Malton cepit viridem boscum de spina et corulis in [265] Aleyntoftes infra dominicum precii xxs, et cariavit usque Scardeburgh pro allece suo desiccando, qui quidem Prior a tempore illo inventus non fuit infra limites istius foreste, tamen modo venit coram Justiciariis et super hoc convictus respondebit domino Comiti pro precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura cs.
Item presentant quod Robertus le Lyttester cepit unam viridem querculam et spinas et corulos crescentia in dominicis domini de Pikeryng, precii viridi ijd, et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad
green oak without livery of the foresters or warrant. The same persons responsible.
John Gentle, deceased, took in Gundale within the demesne a green oak, value id. The same persons responsible. Fine is.
William, son of Hacket, deceased, took there within the demesne a green oak, value id. The same persons responsible. Fine is.
Robert de Hampton, Rector of Middleton, took at different times three green oaks below Cropton Castle, and on a third occasion took there a green oak, without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. In mercy.
The Prior of Malton took green hue of thorn and hazels in Allan- tofts within the demesne, value jQi, and carried it to Scarborough for kippering his herrings. The Prior has never since then been found within the boundaries of the forest, but he appears, and being con- victed is responsible for the value and a fine of £5.
Robert the Dyer took a green oak sapling, thorns, and hazels grow- ing in the Earl's demesnes at Pickering, value zd. He was let out on bail, but has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with
COUCHER BOOK. 29
istam assisam qui modo non venit nee prius &c, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis, et predictus Robertus respondeat de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs. Postea testatur quod manu- captores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Willelmus Godyer de Brokesay cepit unam viridem quercum in Legedon [? Langedon] versus orientem infra dominicum precii vjd et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad istam assisam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis, et predictus Robertus [? Willelmus] respondeat domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjs. Postea manucaptores predicti finem fecerunt prout alibi patet.
Item presentant quod Robertus Boulot cepit unam viridem quercum ibidem infra dominicum precii ijd et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis, et predictus Robertus respondeat domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Thomas Ulf cepit duas virides quercus ibidem infra dominicum precii vjd et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis, et predictus Thomas respondeat domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
his bail. He is responsible for the value and a fine of 2s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so proceedings against them are stayed.
William Godyer, of Broxa, took a green oak in Langdale East within the demesne, value 6d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible for the value and a fine of 6s. Afterwards his bail com- pounded, as appears elsewhere.
Robert Bowlot took a green oak there within the demesne, value 2d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible for the value and a fine of 2s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so proceedings against them are stayed.
Thomas Ulf took two green oaks there within the demesne, value 6d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible for the value and a fine of 6s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so pro- ceedings against them are stayed.
30 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Item presentant quod Thomas Cheseman de Gotheland cepit unam viridem quercum in Gotheland infra dominicum precii ijd, et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis, et predictus Thomas respondeat domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Rogerus filius Nicholai cepit unam viridem quercum in Gundale infra dominicum precii iijd, et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis, et predictus Rogerus respondeat domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iijs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Elias Cokerel cepit duas virides quercus in Cropton extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia.
Item presentant quod idem Elias cepit ibidem tres virides quercus extra dominicum, et Ricardus filius Johannis de Hoton cepit unam robram ibidem absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipsi in misericordia.
[265b] Item presentatum est quod Abbas de Whiteby cepit unam viridem quercum in Gotheland infra dominicum precii iijd, et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis, et
Thomas Cheseman, of Goathland, took a green oak in Goathland within the demesne, value 2d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible for the value and a fine of 2s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so proceedings against them are stayed.
Roger, son of Nicholas, took a green oak in Gundale within the demesne, value 3d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible for the value and a fine of 3s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so proceedings against them are stayed.
Elias Cokerel took two green oaks in Cropton without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. In mercy.
He also took three green oaks there without the demesne, and Richard, son of John de Hutton, took an oak there without livery of the foresters or warrant. In mercy.
The Abbot of Whitby took a green oak in Goathland within the demesne, value 3d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered
COUCHER BOOK. 3 I
predictus Abbas respondeat domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iijs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Galfridus Carpentarius de Cropton cepit unam viridem quercum subtus Cropton Castel extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia.
Item presentant quod Johannes del Cote de Everle qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in Haia de Scalby infra dominicum precii vjd. Ideo respondeant heredes et tenentes terrarum et tenementorum ipsius Johannis de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjs.
Item presentant quod Thomas Waternes qui obiit cepit sex virides quercus et unum ramum ibidem infra dominicum precii iijd. Ideo respondeant heredes et tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Johannis [? Thome] de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iijs.
Item presentant quod Johannes filius Roberti de Scalby cepit quatuor cipplinges quercuum in Haia de Scalby infra dominicum precii ijd, et dimissus fuit per manucapcionem usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manu- captoribus suis, et predictus Johannes respondeat domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs, set quia constabularius qui nunc est cepit viride predictum, ideo respondeat ipse consta- bularius de precio viridi predicti et predictus Johannes pro forisfactura ejusdem videlicet ijs.
and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is respon- sible for the value and a fine of 3s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so proceedings against them are stayed.
Geoffrey Carpenter, of Cropton, took a green oak below Cropton Castle, without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. In mercy.
John del Cote, of Everley, deceased, took a green oak in Scalby Hay within the demesne, value 6d. His heirs and successors are responsible. Fine 6s.
Thomas Waternes, deceased, took six green oaks and one bough there within the demesne, value 3d. His heirs and successors are responsible. Fine 3s.
John, son of Robert de Scalby, took four oak saplings in Scalby Hay within the demesne, value 2d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible for the value and a fine of 2s. But the present con- stable is responsible for the value of the vert since he took the vert, and John for the offence
32 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Item presentant quod Robertus Nukkes cepit unam viridem quer- culam subtus Cropton Castel extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Alanus Storour tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Roberti respondeat.
Item presentant quod sex quercus extronate fuerunt in Depedale Sprynges per defectum custodie Johannis de Shafaldon quondam wodewardi de Ebreston, ideo ipse in misericordia, et respondeat Robertus Pecche de Gotheland ejus manucaptor et tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Johannis.
Item presentant quod Elredus de Ellerburn qui obiit expeditavit quandam viridem quercum infra dominicum precii vijd, unde Edmundus de Hastyng tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Elredi de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura respondeat vijs, et idem Edmundus oneretur pro viridi predicto similiter capto in Haia predicta vijd.
Item presentant quod Hugo vicarius ecclesie de Ebreston qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto, tamen Johannes filius Galfridi et Johannes de la Chymyne executores ejusdem respondeant domino de misericordia.
Item presentant quod Johannes prepositus de Pikering qui obiit cepit duas virides quercus in Oskelunt infra dominicum precii vjd, ideo respondeant Galfridus filius ejus et Galfridus atte Mare executores testamenti predicti Johannis [266] de precio viridi predicti et pro foris- factura ejusdem vjs.
Robert Nooks took a green oak below Cropton Castle without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. Alan Storour, his successor, is responsible.
Six oaks were torn up by the roots in Deepdale Springs through lack of care on the part of John de Shafaldon, former woodward of Ebberston. Robert Pecche, of Goathland, his successor and surety, is responsible.
Elred of Ellerburn, deceased, carried off a green oak within the demesne, value jd. His successor, Edmund de Hastings, is respon- sible for its value, a fine of 7s, and also 7d, the value of vert likewise taken in the Hay.
Hugh, Vicar of Ebberston, deceased, took a green oak without the demesne without livery of the foresters or warrant. John, son of Geoffrey, and John de la Chymyne, his executors, are responsible.
John the reeve of Pickering, deceased, took two green oaks in Oske- lunt [? Askew], value 6d. His son, Geoffrey, and Geoffrey atte Mar, his executors, are responsible. Fine 6s.
COUCHER BOOK. 33
Item presentant quod idem Johannes qui obiit cepit in Gotheland quatuor quercus infra dominicum precii ijd, unde iidem Galfridus et Galfridus pro precio viridi predicti respondeant et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod Will elm us Sharp de Aleyntoftes forestarius de Aleyntoftes qui obiit prostravit quandam viridem quercum in Aleyntoftes infra dominicum precii yjd, ideo respondeat domino Johannes de Irton et Robertus de Wyern tenentes terrarum et tene- mentorum que fuerunt Willelmi de Irton nuper viridarii del Estward de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjs.
Item presentant quod Rogerus de Scalby qui obiit cepit quandam viridem quercum in Haia de Scalby infra dominicum precii obolum, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum (terrarum et tenemen- torum que fuerunt predicti Rogeri) respondeant de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd, ad quorum manus forisfactura et precium predicta devenerunt.
Item presentant quod Juliana filia Laurencii, que obiit cepit unam viridem quercum ibidem infra dominicum precii obolum, ideo iidem tenentes eorundum viridariorum respondeant de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd, ad quorum manus forisfactura et precium devenerint.
Item presentant quod Matillis Hodles que obiit cepit unam viridem quercum ibidem infra dominicum precii obolum, ideo respondeant iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd, ad quorum manus forisfactura et precium devenerint.
He also took four oaks in Goathland within the demesne, value 2d. The same persons responsible. Fine 2s.
William Sharp, of Allantofts, forester of Allantofts, deceased, felled a green oak in Allantofts within the demesne, value 6d John de Irton and Robert de Wyern, the successors to William de Irton, late verderer of the East ward, are responsible. Fine 6s.
Roger de Scalby, deceased, took a green oak in Scalby Hay within the demesne, value id. Fine 6d. The same persons responsible since the money * came to their hands.
Juliana, daughter of Lawrence, deceased, took a green oak there within the demesne, value |d. Fine 6d. The same persons respon- sible for the same reason.
Matilda Hoodless, deceased, took a green oak there within the demesne, value |d. Fine 6d. The same persons responsible for the same reason.
* See note, p. 26, supra.
VOL. III., N.S. D
34 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Item presentant quod Juliana Bernard que obiit cepit unam viridem quercum ibidem infra dominicum precii obolum. Ideo iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondeant de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd, ad quorum manus forisfactura et precium predicta devenerint.
Item presentant quod Aldusa filia Willelmi Dobe que obiit cepit virides ramos ibidem infra dominicum precii obolum. Ideo iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondeant de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd, ad quorum manus forisfactura et precium predicta devenerint.
Item presentant quod Adam filius Almoti de Egton cepit unam viridem quercum in Wheledale infra dominicum precii iiijd et dimissus fuit per manucaptores usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit. Ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis. Et predictus Adam respondebit domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iiijs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt. Ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Johannes Gentil de Aslacby qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in Gundale infra dominicum precii jd, unde Margareta uxor ejus et executrix testamenti ipsius Johannis respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijd.
[266b] Item presentant quod Willelmus Shaketre qui obiit cepit ibidem unam viridem quercum infra dominicum precii jd, unde Henricus Hokerel tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Willelmi respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijd.
Juliana Bernard, deceased, took a green oak there within the demesne, value |d. Fine 6d. The same persons responsible for the same reason.
Aldusa, daughter of William Dobb, deceased, took green boughs there within the demesne, value fd. Fine 6d. The same persons responsible for the same reason.
Adam, son of Almote, of Egton, took a green oak in Wheeldale within the demesne, value 4d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he is responsible. Fine 4s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, therefore proceedings against them are stayed.
John Gentle, of Aislaby, deceased, took a green oak in Gundale within the demesne, value id. Margaret, his wife and executrix, is responsible. Fine is.
William Shaketree, deceased, took a green oak there within the demesne, value id. His successor, Henry Hokerell, is responsible. Fine is.
1433908
COUCHER BOOK. 35
Item presentant quod Robertus Alius Alexandri cepit xl summagia viridis quercus in Haia de Scalby infra dominicum precii vs, et dimissus fuit per manucaptores usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit. Ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis. Et predictus Robertus respondebit domino de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xls. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Alanus Beaufrount de Scardeburgh qui obiit cepit duos stubbos viridis quercus in Haia predicta infra dominicum precii vjd, unde tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Alani respondebit et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjs.
Item presentant quod Willelmus Wodeman qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum et spinas per summagia in Haia de Scalby infra dominicum precii jd, unde Willelmus le Latymer et Alexander de Bergh tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Bernardi de Bergh nuper viridarii ejusdem warde respondeant et pro forisfactura xijd, ad cujus manus devenerint.
Item presentant quod Ricardus Neucomen de Suthfeld qui obiit cepit ramos quercuum, huciarum et cipplingorum in Haia de Scalby infra dominicum precii ijd, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum [? ejusdem viridarii] respondeant et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod Walterus Payn qui obiit cepit ramos quercuum, huciarum et cipplingorum ibidem infra dominicum noctanter precii jd,
Robert, son of Alexander, took forty horseloads of green oak in Scalby Hay within the demesne, value 5s, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail and he is responsible. Fine 40s. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead. Stay of proceedings ordered.
Alan Beaufrount, of Scarborough, deceased, took two stubbs of green oak in the Hay within the demesne, value 6d. Fine 6s. His successor is responsible.
William Wodeman, deceased, took a green oak and several horse- loads of thorns in Scalby Hay within the demesne, value id. William le Latimer* and Alexander de Bergh, successors to Bernard de Bergh, late verderer of that ward, are responsible for the value and a fine of is, since the money came to their hands.
Richard Newcomen, of Suffield, deceased, took boughs of oak, holly, and saplings in Scalby Hay within the demesne, value 2d. Fine 2s. The same persons responsible.
Walter Payn, deceased, by night took boughs of oak, holly, and
* This does not quite correspond with p. 26, supra.
36 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondeant et pro foris- factura ejusdem xijd.
Item presentant quod Alanus filius Alexandri de Neuby cepit ibidem unam querculum infra dominicum precii obolum et dimissus fuit per manucaptores usque ad assisam istam ; qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit. . Ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis et predictus Alanus respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem vjd. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nicbil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Thomas Russel qui obiit cepit viridum in le Cahevedes infra dominicum precii jd, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondeant de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijd.
Item presentant quod Umfridus Tober qui obiit cepit undecim quercus virides in Wheledale infra dominicum precii cujuslibet jd et ea cariavit* cum uno plaustro et sex bobus que appreciantur videlicet plaustrum ad vj denarios et sex boves ad xvjs, precii cujuslibet ijs viijd. Unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Ricardi de Skelton nuper Custodis istius foreste, ad cujus manus forisfacture predicte devenerint respondeant et pro precio ejusdem viridi et similiter pro forisfactura ejusdem xjs.
Item presentant quod Johannes de Lyndryk qui obiit cepit undecim quercus virides in Wheledale infra dominicum precii cujuslibet jd et ea cariavit cum uno plaustro et sex bobus que appreciantur videlicet
saplings there within the demesne, value id. Fine is. The same persons responsible.
Alan, son of Alexander de Newby, took a young oak there within the demesne, value |d, and was let out on bail. He has not sur- rendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail and he is responsible. Fine 6d. Afterwards it appears that his bail are dead, so proceedings against them are stayed.
Thomas Russell, deceased, took vert in the Caveheads within the demesne, value id. Fine is. The same successors to the verderers responsible.
Humphrey Tober, deceased, took eleven green oaks in Wheeldale within the demesne, value id each, and carried them away in a waggon drawn by six oxen. The waggon is valued at 6d, each ox at 2s 8d — i.e., the six at 16s. Fine ns. Richard de Skelton, formerly keeper of the forest, received the money, and his successors are responsible.
John de Lindrick, deceased, took eleven green oaks in Wheeldale within the demesne, value id each, and carried them away in a waggon * This seems to show that the oaks could not have been of any great size.
COUCHER BOOK, 37
plaustrum ad vjd et boves ad xxs, precii cujuslibet [267] iijs iiijd, unde iidem tenentes ejusdem custodie [? custodis] ad quorum manus foris- facture devenerint et pro precio ejusdem respondeant et similiter pro forisfactura ejusdem xjs.
Item presentant quod Alicia Sedman que obiit cepit undecim quercus virides in Wheledale infra dominicum precii cujuslibet jd et ea cariavit cum uno plaustro et vj bobus, que appreciantur videlicet plaustrum ad vjd et boves ad xviijs, precii cujuslibet [267] iijs. Unde iidem tenentes ejusdem custodie [? custodis] respondeant, ad cujus manus predicte forisfacture devenerint et pro precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xjs.
Item presentant quod Thomas del Hunthous qui obiit cepit ibidem sex virides quercus infra dominicum precii cujuslibet vjd, unde Nicholaus del Hunthous Alius et heres ejus, tenens terrarum et tene- mentorum que fuerunt ipsius Thome respondeat de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xxvjs.*
Item presentant quod Thomas de Werdale cepit unam viridem quercum in bosco de Roston et Wicham extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia et predicti tenentes eorundem viridariorurn inde respondeant etc.
Item presentant quod Simon nuper serviens Prioris de Bridlyngton qui obiit et Willelmus filius Margerie prostrator bosci et Reginaldus de Scalby cariator prostrarunt unam viridem quercum noctanter in Foul- drawn by six oxen. The waggon is valued at 6d, and the oxen at £1 — i.e., 3s 4d each. Fine 11s. The same persons responsible.
Alice Sedman, deceased, took eleven green oaks in Wheeldale within the demesne, value id each, and carried them away in a waggon drawn by six oxen. The waggon is valued at 6d, and the oxen at 18s — i.e., 3s each. Fine 11s. The same persons responsible.
Thomas del Hunthouse, deceased, took six green oaks there within the demesne, value 6d each. His successor, Nicholas del Hunthouse, his son and heir, is responsible. Fine £1 6s.
Thomas de Weardale took a green oak in the wood of Ruston and Wykeham without the demesne without livery of the foresters or warrant. The successors f of the verderers are responsible.
Simon, late servant to the Prior of Bridlington, deceased, William, son of Majorie, woodcutter, and Reginald de Scalby, carrier, felled, for the use of the Prior, a green oak by night in Fullwood within the
* This fine is not twelve-fold. The margin gives as the total xxvjs vjd, which is not correct.
t Representatives, although now generally confined to personal property, perhaps expresses the idea best.
38 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
wod infra dominicum precii ijd ad opus dicti Prions, et illam quercum in cariando cum plaustro precii xld et iiijor bobus in eodem junctis, precii ij marcas, capti fuerunt et liberati eidem Priori qui jam obiit ad respondendum nunc inde etc tanquam de forisfactis. Ideo Prior qui nunc est inde respondebit et similiter de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs. Et predicti Wiilelmus et Reginaldus dimissi fuerunt per manucaptores usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non veniunt hec prius se reddiderunt. Ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod idem Simon nuper serviens ejusdem Prions cepit unam viridem quercum in Haia de Scalby infra dominicum precii ijs ad opus dicti Prioris. Ideo respondebit Prior qui nunc est de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xxiiij5.
Item presentant quod Johannes Blank qui obiit cepit corticem unius quercus in Daleby infra dominicum precii iiijd, quam Henricus Cokerel abscidit et abduxit. Ideo idem Henricus qui superstes est respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iiijs.
Item presentant quod Petrus de Nevill qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in Ohwerdale [?] infra dominicum precii ijd, unde Hugo filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Petri respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod Radulphus Derlyng qui obiit cepit tres carec- tatas maeremii in Sneynton extra dominicum absque liberacione fores- demesne, value 2d. They were caught while carrying it away in a waggon worth 4od,* drawn by four oxen worth £i 6s 8d, and were handed over to the late Prior to be produced at this Eyre. The pre- sent Prior is responsible, and in addition is fined 2s. William and Reginald were let out on bail, but have not surrendered and do not appear. To judgment with their bail. Afterwards it appears that their bail are dead, therefore proceedings against them are stayed.
The same Simon took a green oak in Scalby Hay within the demesne to the use of the Prior, value 2s. Fine 24s. The present Prior is responsible.
John White, deceased, took the bark of an oak in Dalby within the demesne, value 4d, which Henry Cokerell cut and carried away. Henry Cokerell, who is surviving, is responsible. Fine 4s.
Peter de Nevill, deceased, took a green oak in Ohwerdale [?] within the demesne, value 2d. Fine 2s. His successor, Hugh, his son and heir, is responsible.
Ralph Darling, deceased, took three cartloads of timber without the * The difference in value between this and the other waggons is worth notice.
COUCHER BOOK. 39
tariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia. Unde Robertus Derlyng filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Radulphi respondebit
Item presentant quod Ricardus Choleman de Brumpton cepit duas quercus in [267b] Troucedale extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia.
Item presentant quod Rogerus Haldan qui obiit cepit duas quercus in Depedale infra dominicum precii cujuslibet vjd, unde Nicholaus filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Rogeri respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xijs. Postea testatum est quod viridum predictum captum fuit in communa sua. Ideo nichil de precio neque de forisfactura.
Item presentant quod Thomas Sturmy cepit unam viridem quercum in Daleby infra dominicum precii iiijd et dimissus fuit per manucaptores usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit. Ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis et predictus Thomas respon- debit de precio viridi predicti et de foris factura ejusdem iiijs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt, ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Philippus Gunneys qui obiit cepit iiij quercus in Ebreston infra dominicum precii cujuslibet jd, unde Alanus Malkac tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Philippi re- spondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iiijs.
Item presentant quod Adam Prudhom qui obiit attraxit sibi quam- plures quercus extra dominicum unde fecit bordos quos vendicioni
demesne in Snainton without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, Robert Darling, his son and heir, is responsible.
Richard Cholman, of Brompton, took two oaks in Troutsdale with- out the demesne without livery of the foresters or warrant. In mercy.
Roger Haldane, deceased, took two oaks in Deepdale within the demesne, value 6d each. Fine 12s. His successor, Nicholas, his son and heir, is responsible. Afterwards it appears that the vert was taken as of common right, therefore proceedings are stayed.
Thomas Sturmy took a green oak in Dalby within the demesne, value 4d, and was let out on bail. He has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail and he is responsible. Fine 4s. Afterwards, as it appears that his bail are dead, proceedings against them are stayed.
Philip Gunneys, deceased, took four oaks in Ebberston within the demesne, value id each ; total, including fine, 4s 4d. His successor, Alan Malcake, responsible.
Adam Prudhomme, deceased, appropriated several oaks without the
40 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
exposuit diversis hominibus istius foreste. Ideo ipse in misericordia et tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondeant.
Item presentant quod Johannes de Wynburn qui obiit cepit iiij quercus in Foulwode infra dominicum precii cujuslibet iiijd, unde iidem tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Ricardi de Skelton nuper Constabularii respondeant de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem iijs.*
Item presentant quod Prior de Malton cepit ix plaustrata alneti in Aleyntoftes infra dominicum precii ixd et dimissus fuit per manu- captores usque ad assisam istam. Qui modo venit coram Justiciariis et super hoc convictus oneratur erga dominum de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ixs.
Item presentant quod Robertus Cave cepit unam viridem quercum in Gretheved extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum, sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia (iijd).
Item presentant quod idem Robertus prostravit ix quercus in Haia de Scalby extra dominicum noctanter absque liberacione forestariorum, sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia (iijd).
Item presentant quod Bartholomeus filius Galfridi cepit xxj tingnos [sic] quercuum in haia de Scalby noctanter precii xjd et dimissus fuit per manucaptores usque ad assisam istam, qui modo non venit nee prius se reddidit, ideo ad judicium de manucaptoribus suis et predictus
demesne, of which he made boards and exposed them for sale to different men residing in the forest. He is in mercy, and the above- mentioned successors to the verderers are responsible for 6d.
John de Winburn, deceased, took four oaks in Fullwood within the demesne, value 4d each. The successors of the late constable, Richard de Skelton, are responsible for the value and fine, in all 3s.
The Prior of Malton took nine waggon-loads of alder in Allantofts within the demesne, value gd, and was let out on bail. He now appears, is convicted, and charged with payment to the Earl of the value and a fine of 9s.
Robert Cave took a green oak in Greathead without the demesne without livery of the foresters or warrant. He is in mercy (3d).
He also felled nine oaks in Scalby Hay without the demesne by night without livery of the foresters or warrant. In mercy (3d).
Bartholomew, the son of Geoffrey, took twenty-one oak shingles [?] in Scalby Hay by night, value nd ; he was let out on bail but has not surrendered and does not appear. To judgment with his bail, and he
* The note in the margin has iijs iijd. It is not impossible that two entries are here mixed up in one.
COUCHER BOOK. 41
Bartholomeus respondeat de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem xjs. Postea testatum est quod manucaptores sui obierunt ; ideo nichil ulterius de eis.
Item presentant quod Willelmus de Yeland qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in bosco de Kynthorp extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Katerina de Yeland tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Willelmi respondeat.
Item presentant quod Robertus del Clif qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum ibidem extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in [268] misericordia, unde Willelmus Latymer tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Roberti respondeat.
Item presentant quod domina Beatrix* de Farmanby que obiit cepit unam viridem quercum extra dominicum absque liberacione foresta- riorum sive waranto ; ideo ipsa in misericordia, unde Willelmus Hastyng tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Beatricis respondeat.
Item presentant quod Alexander de Wandesdale qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in Langwathsid infra dominicum precii ijd, unde Alicia filia ejus tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Alexandri respondebit de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod Nicholaus de Hastyng qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in Crosclif extra dominicum absque liberacione
is responsible for the value and a fine of 11s. Afterwards, as it appears that his bail are dead, proceedings against them are stayed.
William de Yeland, deceased, took a green oak in Kingthorpe wood without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, Catherine de Yeland, is responsible.
Robert del Clif, deceased, took a green oak there without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, William Latimer, is responsible.
The Lady Beatrice of Farmandby, deceased, took a green oak without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. Her successor, William Hastings, is responsible.
Alexander de Wandesdale, deceased, took a green oak in Langwath side within the demesne, value 2d ; fine 2s. His daughter and successor, Alice, is responsible.
Nicholas de Hastings, deceased, took a green oak in Crosscliffe
* i.e., de Hastinges.
42 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Radulphus de Hastyng tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Nicholai respondebit.
Item presentant quod Ivo Alius Petronille qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde iidem Alexander de Bergh et Willelmus de Latymer viridarii respondebunt.
Item presentant quod Bartholomeus Carpentarius qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in Crosclif extra dominicum precii ijd, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt de precio viridi predicti et pro forisfactura ejusdem ijs.
Item presentant quod persona de Brumpton qui obiit prostravit duas virides quercus extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt.
Item presentant quod Preceptor de Foukebrigg prostravit et cariavit iiij virides quercus in mense defenso. Ideo ipse in misericordia, de cujus misericordia Prior Hospitalis Sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia respondebit.
Item presentant quod Petrus de Nevill qui obiit cepit per duas vices circa octo quercus noctanter in bosco de Aton extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt.
without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, Ralph de Hastings, is responsible.
Ivo, son of Parnell, deceased, took a green oak without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. The verderers, Alexander de Bergh and William de Latimer, are responsible.
Bartholomew the carpenter, deceased, took a green oak in Crosscliffe without the demesne, value 2d ; fine 2s. The same successors of the verderers are responsible.
The Rector of Brompton, deceased, felled two green oaks without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. The same persons responsible.
The Preceptor of Foulbridge felled and carried away four green oaks in fence month. The Prior of the Hospital of St. John is responsible.
Peter de Nevill, deceased, on two occasions took about eight oaks by night in Ayton Wood without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. The same successors to the verderers are responsible.
COUCIIER BOOK. 43
Item presentant quod Johannes Kyng prepositus Johannis de Drokerford cepit quinque quercus in Sandale et Eskdale ad opus domini sui de dono Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis. Ideo onerentur inde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt predicti Ricardi.
Item presentant quod Henricus de Sandesby qui obiit cepit quatuor quercus in Sneynton extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt.
Item presentant quod Johannes Forestarius de Brumpton qui obiit cepit unam viridem quercum in Troucedale extra dominicum sine waranto, Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Thomas Alius ejus et heres, tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Johannis respon- deat.
Item presentant quod Galfridus Carpentarius cepit unam viridem quercum subtus Cropton Castel extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia etc.
[268b] Item presentant quod Engelramus de Boynton receptavit tres virides quercus quas Nicholaus del Hil cepit ad opus suum in Sneynton extra dominicum absque liberacione forestariorum sive waranto. Ideo ipse in misericordia, unde Walterus de Beynton filius ejus et heres, tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Engelrami respon- deat.
John King, reeve to John de Drokenford,* took five oaks in Sandale and Eskdale, to his master's use of the gift of Richard de Skelton, late keeper. The latter's successors are to be charged.
Henry de Sandesby, deceased, took four oaks in Snainton without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. The same successors of the verderers are responsible.
John, forester of Brompton, deceased, took a green oak in Trouts- dale without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, Thomas, his son and heir, is responsible.
Geoffrey the carpenter took a green oak beneath Cropton Castle without the demesne, without livery of the foresters or warrant. In mercy.
Ingram de Boynton received three green oaks which Nicholas del Hill took to his use in Snainton, without livery of the foresters or warrant. His successor, Walter de Bainton, his son and heir, is responsible.
* He was possibly the Bishop of Bath and Wells of that name. The family, assuming that Drokerford represents Drokensford, at this date appears to have been settled in Essex, see Morant's "History of Essex."
44 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
De hiis qui ceperunt lepores in foresta cum Ieporarris et portaverunt arcus et sagittas contra assisam in eadem. Presentant iidem jurati quod Marmeducus de Acclom, Galfridus frater ejus, Radulphus Wacelyn, Willelmus Wyles, Adam filius Thome de Kynthorp, Willelmus Barban garcio Willelmi de Rosels, Hugo Prudhome, Willelmus de Dales, Thomas, Willelmus et Robertus filii ejusdem Willelmi, Michael de Rosels, Nicholaus Pykstan, Johannes Morolf, Alexander Pyper, Nicholaus Hastyng, Henricus Chubbok, Adam Spicer, Simon Roi, Petrus de Maulay junior, Hugo Sauvage, Willelmus de Thornyngthays, Johannes de Egton de Danby, Johannes Wyles, Ricardus Sauvage, Willelmus de Thornyngthways, Walterus Turnur, Willelmus filius Thome filii Stephani, Johannes serviens Johannis de Bordesden, Edmundus de Waver, Johannes Fychet, Willelmus de Yeland senior, Thomas de Wyvill, Hugo de Hastyng, Ricardus de Brocsay, Johannes de Humet, Adam de Elredby, Willelmus Foughler garcio ejusdem, Johannes Clif, Johannes de Seton, Gilbertus de Camera, Ambrosius de Camera, Rogerus venator domini Edmundi de Maulay, Rogerus de Harwode, Willelmus Ruffait, Rogerus Drye, Petrus garcio domini Roberti de Acclum, Johannes de la Dale garcio Ambrosii de Camera, garcio uxoris Johannis de Seton, Radulphus filius Rogeri de Cunsheved [? Conishead], Johannes Pale- fridarius, Robertus de Acclum, Johannes filius Johannis de Dale, Johannes Forester, Ricardus Wyles, Johannes Carter de Scarde- burgh, Thomas et Johannes filii Thome Salter, Johannes Cruel, Edmundus filius ejus, Willelmus de Overton, Jak Hare, Willelmus le Parcour, Johannes filius Malkyn, Johannes de Danby, Johannes Stalker, Willelmus filius Thome del Hunthous, Willelmus filius . Radulphi Molendinarius, Thomas Sutor de Scardeburgh, Walterus Foune, Ancelmus de Laycet, Thomas de Biston, Robertus de Percy, Johannes garcio ejus, Ricardus de Sulby, Willelmus Fossard, Johannes de Cal- veton, Willelmus Rome, Willelmus de Haverdale, Johannes filius Willelmi de Maynhermer, Galfridus de Durem, Henricus de Fisshe- burn, Petrus clericus domini Henrici de Percy, Martinus Palefridarius, Thomas Gnatel, Willelmus filius Willelmi de Rosels, Johannes de
Those who caught hares in the forest and greyhounds and carried bows and arrows in contravention of the assize of the forest. The persons named were in the habit of catching hares in the forest with greyhounds, in contravention of the assize of the forest to the annoyance of the deer. They are summoned. Some appear and make composition as appears in the estreat rolls, some are outlawed as appears in the rolls of the proceedings, and some are dead.
COUCHER BOOK. 45
Mora, Rogerus de Fissheburn, Radulphus Pelliparius, Robertus venator domini Henrici de Percy, Hugo Barker de Whiteby, Thomas Bene de Rysewarp, Johannes filius Johannis de Hilderwell, Johannes Wodecok, Johannes Kempe, Rogerus de Harwode, Adam Couper de Scardeburgh, Rogerus garcio ejus, Robertus de Acclum, Prud Adam, Colwite Wille [?], [269] Ricardus filius Juliane Drie, Willelmus de Bradale [? Bladale], Rogerus Grymet, dominus Philippus de Lyndesay, Johannes de Mora, Robertus venator Roberti de Dunfremlyn, Elias forestarius domini Alexandri de Percy, Johannes Wode senior, Willelmus filius Agnetis de Nafferton, Walterus Cissor de Semere, Rogerus filius Willelmi de Topclif, Adam de Helperthorp, Robertus frater ejus, Willelmus Lygard, Rogerus filius Alani Carter, Johannes Munkeman, Thomas filius Thome Salter, Willelmus de Fyvele, Robertus filius Henrici Lang, Nicholaus Pykstan, dominus Johannes de Hoton in Clifland, Willelmus et Nicholaus fratres ejus, Johannes de Dent, Willelmus filius Thome molendinarius de Dalton, Thomas filius Ricardi molendinarius de eadem, Willelmus de Kyrkham wodewardus Nicholai de Hastyng, Reginaldus Pipynheved bercarius ejusdem domini Nicholai, Edmundus filius Roberti de Boynton, Walterus de Suardby, Thomas de Dales, Rogerus filius Alani Carter et Willelmus frater ejus, Johannes filius Rogeri atte Crosse, Thomas Salter, Reginaldus Lygard, Robertus filius Roberti, Johannes filius Abbe de Rossedale, Willelmus Darell, Johannes Darell, Ricardus Darell, Johannes de Spoford, James Jurdan de Alen, Walterus venator Henrici de Percy, Ricardus de Stuppeton [? Shipton] de Rasclif [Raskelf], Ricardus Carter, Willelmus frater ejus, Willelmus filius Rogeri Carter junior, Willelmus de Bucton junior, Robertus Kutte, Adam Leydy [? Levedy], Willelmus Hay, Willelmus Page wodewardus de Aton, Walterus Faber, Johannes de Gosnarch, Thomas wodewardus de Staynton, Stephanus filius Ricardi de Eske- dale, Simon filius Ricardi del Wodde, Robertus del Clos de Lycheryk, Hugo filius Roberti del Wode, Ricardus del Richemound sutor de Whiteby, Johannes filius Simonis del Hill, Robertus Patryk junior, Ricardus de Morsum, Johannes Brun de Hakenesse, Willelmus de Yeland, Walterus de Wyrkeshale, Willelmus Freman, Johannes Bier, Willelmus de Mora, Robertus de Chiborn, Willelmus de Mora junior, Johannes filius Henrici del Tunge, Robertus filius Ricardi de Westgil et Johannes frater ejus, Walterus de Stafton, Thomas de Bossale, Willelmus de Roston, Johannes filius Johannis le Wode molendinarius Alani de Holme, Hugo de Aula de Whiteby, Thomas de Driffield, Robertus Spynk, Johannes Tendebarn, Willelmus filius Willelmi Moy, Prestre Johan, Thomas Wryel, Galfridus de Langedon, Johannes de Brygham, Willelmus de la Chapel, Willelmus de Egton, Nicholaus Meynill, Petrus de Maulay, Johannes Percy, Willelmus Wywyll, Robertus Col-
46 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
vill de Erniclif [Arncliffe], Robertus de Staynton, Willelmus de Wylardby, Robertus Wymark, Willelmus Bedeman [? Wodemanl Willelmus Archer, Alanus Pecche junior, Willelmus Alius domini Alexandri de Percy, Robertus de Seton, Johannes de Stokesle, Robertus Balde, Willelmus de Eston, Willelmus Touchepryk, Willelmus de Hagerston, Willelmus de Brokton, Thomas de la Dale, Robertus Pecche, Willelmus User [Usher], Willelmus Parcour de Mulgreve, Johannes Redheved, Willelmus Wyles, Robertus de Lelum [Lealholm] junior, Adam de Lounesdale, Willelmus cocus Thome de Maulay, Rogerus de Hull, Stephanus Alius Ricardi de Eskedale, Johannes de Landemot, Walterus Daysum, Ricardus Taillour de Whiteby, Johannes de Lelum, [269b] Johannes de Morsum, Willelmus Latymer, Radulphus de Hastyng, Thomas de Metham, Johannes de Sutton, Willelmus de Sancto Quintino, Johannes de Metham, Robertus de Saltmersh, Edmundus de Boynton, Thomas Alius Thome de Bouelton, Johannes de Malton consanguineus Johannis Moryn, Willelmus Toueton, Walterus et Johannes de Dyngelby, Johannes Moryn, Rogerus Sturdy, Thomas de Hiperswell, Robertus Alius Simonis, Johannes Styrkhird, Petrus Alius Henrici, Petrus Maulay senior, venator Johannis de Yeland et Radulphus frater ejus, Johannes Valiaunt capellanus, Simon Alius Alani de Scardeburgh, Alexander de Bergh, Petrus de Rither persona ecclesie de Kirkeby Misperton, dominus Willelmus Persay, Willelmus Brus, Johannes de Pikeryng, Willelmus Alius Edmundi de Hastyng, Hugo de Yeland, Hugo de Nevill, Radulphus Hastyng, dominus Willelmus Playce, dominus Gilbertus de Aton, Willelmus Barde, Thomas Bret, Willelmus Belle capellanus, Robertus Bruys, Edmundus de Hastyng senior, Edmundus de Hastyng junior, Thomas del Clughton, dominus Ricardus de Berughby rector ecclesie de Normanby et Simon de Aton capiunt communiter lepores in foresta ista cum leporariis contra assisam foreste ad nocumentum ferarum. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos. Postea venerunt quidam eorum et Anem fecerunt prout patet in extractis, et quidam eorum utlagantur ut patet in rotulis processuum, et quidam eorum mortui sunt.
De capientibus volucres cum retibus et aliis ingeniis in foresta predicta. Presentant iidem jurati quod Henricus Foughler, Adam le Foughler de Berugh, Adam le Foughler de Aton quod [sic] capiunt volucres
Those who caught birds in the forest with nets and other contrivances. The persons named catch birds in the forest with birdlime and other
COUCHER BOOK. 47
cum visco et aliis ingeniis in foresta contra assisam foreste. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat eos. Postea venerunt et finem fecerunt prout patet in rotulis de extractis.
Capciones averiorum infra forestam istarn.
De averiis infra forestam istam tarn infra dominica quam mense defenso forisfactis presentant iidem ministri et jurati quod unus staggus Johannis Prest de Ebreston inventus fuit in foresta ista loco qui vocatur Dalby super wardam factam et non agistatus qui captus fuit tanquam forisfactus per assisam foreste et appreciatus ad xld et retraditus eidem Johanni per plegium Ricardi de Dalby ad dictum staggum habendum ad assisam istam ; qui modo non venit, ideo ipse in misericordia, et nichilominus oneretur idem Johannes de precio predicto erga dominum.
Item presentant quod quinque hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt Roberti filii Lamberti inventi fuerunt infra coopertum in foresta ista tempore pannagii et non agistati, [270] precii vs. Ideo idem Robertus respon- deat.
Item presentant quod sex hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt Alani filii Alani inventi fuerunt infra coopertum tempore pannagii et non agistati ; precii vjs. Ideo idem Alanus respondebit.
contrivances in contravention of the assize of the forest. They are summoned, appear and make composition as appears in the estreat rolls.
Cattle taken in the forest.
As to cattle within the forest forfeited as well within the demesne as in fence month, the Jury present that a young horse of John Prest of Ebberton was found in Dalby unagisted on ward* being made, and was taken as forfeited by the assize of the forest. It was valued at 3s 4d and restored to John, on his undertaking to produce it at the present Eyre. His surety was Richard de Dalby. He fails to appear, therefore he is in mercy, and is charged with payment to the lord of the value.
Five hogs, the property of Robert, son of Lambert, were found unagisted within the covert in time of pannage, value 5s. Robert is responsible.
Six hogs, the property of Alan, the son of Alan, were found unagisted within the covert in time of pannage.
* From page 85, later I conjecture that these words refer to an impounding by the Earl's foresters as distinguished from the foresters of fee ; what, however, their exact significance is, I cannot even conjecture. Another conjecture is, that it refers to making drifts.
48 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Item presentant quod octo hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt Prions de Bridlyngton inventi fuerunt infra coopertum tempore pannagii et non agistati ; precii viijs. Ideo idem Prior respondebit.
Item presentant quod sex hoggi porcorum precii xijd et iiij porci precii ijs qui fuerunt Magistri de Staynton inventi fuerunt infra cooper- tum mense defenso non agislati. Ideo idem Magister respondebit.
Item presentant quod due sue [sic] que fuerunt Galfridi atte Halle et Rogeri Salman invente fuerunt infra coopertum mense defenso non agistate; precii ijs. Ideo iidem Galfridus et Rogerus respondebunt.
Item presentant quod quatuor porci qui fuerunt Godardi de Roston inventi fuerunt infra coopertum mense defenso non agistati, precii ijs. Ideo idem Godardus respondebit.
Item presentant quod octo hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt Johannis de Stapelton qui obiit inventi fuerunt infra coopertum mense defenso non agistati precii iiijs. Unde Juliana uxor ejus et Robertus Cockerell executores testamenti predicti Johannis respondebunt.
Item presentant quod iiij porci precii viijs et tres hoggi precii iijs qui fuerunt Nicholai filii Rogeri de Lokton inventi fuerunt in Staniheved mense defenso non agistati. Ideo respondeat idem Nicholaus.
Item presentant quod sex porci qui fuerunt vicarii de Ellerburn qui obiit inventi fuerunt in alneto juxta villain de Ellerburn mense defenso precii ijs. Unde Robertus B-rus et Johannes filius Ade* executores testamenti predicti vicarii respondebunt.
Item presentant quod sex porci qui fuerunt personef de Thornton qui obiit inventi fuerunt infra coopertum mense defenso non agistati precii ijs, unde Alexander de Bergh heres et executor testamenti ejusdem persone respondebit.
Similar entries as to eight hogs, the property of the Prior of Brid- lington, value 8s ; and in fence month, six hogs value is, and four pigs value 2s, [? each], the property of the master of Stainton ; two sows value 2s, the property of Geoffrey atte Hall and Roger Salman ; four pigs value 2s, the property of Godard de Ruston ; eight hogs value 4s, the property of John de Stapelton deceased, Juliana, his wife, and Robert Cockerell, his executors, are responsible ; four pigs value 8s, and three hogs value 3s, the property of Nicholas, son of Roger of Lockton, found in Stoney head ; six pigs value 2s, the property of the late vicar of Ellerburn, found in an alderwood near the village ; Robert Bruce and John, son of Adam, his executors, are responsible ; six pigs value 2s, the property of the late Rector of Thornton, Alexander de Bergh, his heir and executor, is responsible ; two pigs and two hogs, value altogether 6s, the property
* Probably the quondam reeve, see Vol. II., N.S., p. 14. t This was William de Bergh, see Vol. II., N.S., p. 78.
COUCIIER BOOK. 49
Item presentant quod duo porci et duo hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt Petri Ulf inventi fuerunt in bosco de Wicham mense defenso non agistati, precii omnium vjs. Ideo idem Petrus respondebit.
Item presentant quod tres hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt Rogeri Wisk inventi fuerunt in Haia de Scalby mense defenso non agistati precii iijs. Ideo idem Rogerus respondebit.
Item presentant quod duo pullani qui fuerunt Ricardi Richeman inventi fuerunt in Haia de Scalby mense defenso non agistati precii iijs. Ideo idem Ricardus respondebit, etc.
Item presentant quod sex porci qui fuerunt Johannis Hert inventi fuerunt [270b] in prato de Dalby mense defenso per wardam factam non agistati precii xijs. Ideo idem Johannes respondebit.
Item presentant quod viij porci qui fuerunt Willelmi Latymer inventi fuerunt ibidem mense defenso per wardam factam non agistati precii xvjs. Ideo idem Willelmus respondebit.
Item presentant quod quinque porci qui fuerunt Alani prepositi qui obiit inventi fuerunt in dominicis de Dalby tempore pannagii non agistati precii cujuslibet* unde viridarii ejusdem warde respondebunt.
Item presentant quod 1. porci qui fuerunt Magistri Willelmi de Pickeringf inventi fuerunt in dominicis de Semere tempore pannagii non agistati precii cujuslibet xviijd, unde Willelmus Brus miles tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Magistri Willelmi respondebit.
Item presentant quod Radulphus Gegge depastus fuit communam de Ebreston cum xx bidentibus, ubi non habet communam. Ideo ipse in misericordia.
Item presentant quod unus porcus precii ijs et tres hoggi porcorum precii iijs qui fuerunt Johannis filii Gilberti inventi fuerunt in
of Peter Ulf, found in Wykeham wood ; three hogs value 3s, the property of Roger Wiske, found in Scalby Hay ; two colts value 3s, the property of Richard Richeman, in Scalby Hay ; six pigs value 1 2s, the property of John Hart, in Dalby meadow ; and eight pigs value 16s, the property of William Latimer ; in Dalby demesnes, five pigs, the property of Alan the late reeve, for which the verderers are responsible ; in the demesne lands of Seamer, fifty pigs worth Is 6d each, the property of Master William de Pikering, for which his successor, Sir William Bruce, is responsible.
Ralph Gegge pastured the common of Ebberston with twenty sheep, where he has no right of common. He is in mercy.
The following animals were also found unagisted in fence month : ' in Allantofts a pig worth 2s, and three hogs worth 3s, the property of * Not mentioned. t Dean of York, see Vol. II., N.S., p. 233.
VOL. III., N.S. E
50 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Aleyntoftes mense defenso non agistati. Ideo idem Johannes respondebit.
Item presentant quod unus porcus qui fuit Walteri de Burton inventus fuit in Haia de Scalby mense defenso non agistatus precii xijd. Ideo idem Walterus respondebit.
Item presentant quod iiij porci qui fuerunt Willelmi de Fulford inventi fuerunt ibidem mense defenso non agistati precii viijs. Ideo idem Willelmus respondebit.
Item presentant quod xl bidentes qui fuerunt Henrici de Bougheland inventi fuerunt in Haia de Scalby mense defenso precii cujuslibet xijd. Ideo idem Henricus respondebit.
Item presentant quod una sus que fuit Henrici Geryng inventa fuit in Langedon mense defenso non agistata precii ijs. Ideo idem Henricus respondebit.
Item presentant quod quinque porci qui fuerunt Alani Lille inventi fuerunt in bosco de Wicham mense defenso non agistati precii xs et retraditi fuerunt eidem Alano per plegium Galfridi Fabri et Thome de Neuton ad dictos [? porcos] habendos ad assisam istam. Qui modo non veniunt ideo ipsi in misericordia, et nichilominus oneretur idem Alanus de precio predicto.
Item presentant quod viginti averia diversorum hominum de Kynthorp inventa fuerunt in dominicis de Pickering, precii cujuslibet iiijs. Unde villata de Kynthorp respondebit.
Item presentant quod decern stirk qui fuerunt Johannis de Rouceby inventi fuerunt in Haia de Dalby per wardam factam et non agistati qui capti fuerunt tanquam forisfacti per assisam foreste et appreciati ad xxs et retraditi eidem Johanni per plegium Rogeri de Mannesherne ad dictos stirk habendos ad assisam istam. Qui modo non venit,* ideo ipse in misericordia et nichilominus oneretur idem Johannes de precio predicto.
John, son of Gilbert ; in Scalby Hay a pig worth is, the property of Walter de Burton, four pigs worth 8s, the property of William de Fulford, and forty sheep worth is each, the property of Henry de Bougheland ; in Langdale a sow worth 2s, the property of Henry Gering; in Wykeham Wood five pigs worth ios, the property of Alan Lille, which were restored to him on Geoffrey the smith and Thomas de Newton being sureties for their production at the present Eyre, which is not done ; in the demesne lands of Pickering twenty cattle worth 4s apiece, the property of different men in Kingthorpe, the township is responsible ; in Dalby Hay ten stirks worth £i, the pro- perty of John de Roxby, restored on Roger de Mansergh being surety ; * Roger was dead, see Vol. II., N.S., p. 241.
COUCHER BOOK. 5 I
[271] Item presentant quod unus porcus qui fuit predicti Johannis de Rouceby inventus fuit in parco de Blandeby mense defenso non agistatus precii ijs. Ideo idem Johannes respondebit.
Item presentant quod duo porci qui fuerunt Nicholai filii Ricardi qui obiit inventi fuerunt in foresta mense defenso non agistati precii iiijs, unde Johannes filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Nicholai respondebit.
Item presentant quod sex porcelli qui fuerunt Michaelis forestarii capti fuerunt in parco de Blandeby mense defenso non agistati precii iijs vjd, unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Ricardi de Shelton [? Skelton] nuper custodis respondebunt.
Item presentant quod duo equi qui fuerunt Alani de Alverstan qui obiit inventi fuerunt in parco de Blandeby per wardam factam sine agistamento qui domino sunt forisfacti precii vs, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod duo equi precii xs qui fuerunt Radulphi Bercarii qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam sine agistamento qui domino sunt forisfacti, unde iidem tenentes responde- bunt.
Item presentant quod unus equus precii xs qui fuit Ricardi de Sivelyngton qui obiit inventus fuit ibidem per wardam factam sine agistamento qui domino est forisfactus, unde iidem tenentes responde- bunt.
Item presentant quod duo equi precii xs qui fuerunt Brus Erchebaud qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam sine agistamento qui domino sunt forisfacti, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod duo equi precii xs qui fuerunt Willelmi Fotyng qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam sine agistamento qui modo sunt forisfacti, unde iidem tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt predicti Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis respondebunt etc.
in Blansby Park one pig worth 2s, the property of the same John de Roxby ; in the forest two pigs worth 4s, the property of the late Nicholas, son of Richard, his son and heir, John, is responsible; in Blansby Park, for all which the successors of Richard de Skelton, the late keeper, are responsible, six young pigs worth 3s 6d, the property of Michael the forester, two horses worth 5s, the property of the late Alan de Allerston, two horses worth 10s, the property of the late Ralph the shepherd, one horse worth 10s, the property of the late Richard de Sinnington, two horses worth 10s, the property of the late Archibald Bruce, two horses worth 10s, the property of the late William Fotyng, two horses worth 10s, the property of the late
E 2
52 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Item presentant quod duo equi precii xs qui fuerunt Willelmi Jurour qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam sine agistamento qui domino sunt forisfacti, unde Ricardus Jurour filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Willelmi respondebit.
Item presentant quod duo equi precii xs qui fuerunt Ingelrami le forester qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam sine agista- mento qui domino sunt forisfacti, unde tenentes terrarum et tenemen- torum que fuerunt predicti Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis respondebunt.
Item presentant quod tres porci precii vjs qui fuerunt Nicholai filii Ricardi qui obiit inventi fuerunt in parco de Blandeby per wardam factam sine agistamento qui domino sunt forisfacti, unde Johannes filius Walteri tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Nicholai respondebit.
Item presentant quod tres porci precii vjs qui fuerunt Thome de Collom qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam sine agis- tamento qui domino sunt forisfacti, unde Johannes de Dalton et Johannes de Malton tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Thome respondebunt.
[271b] Item presentant quod sex averia precii cujuslibet iiijs que fuerunt Walteri filii Lucie qui obiit inventa fuerunt in Aleyntoftes per wardam factam sine agistamento, unde Alexander de Bergh tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Walteri respondebit.
Item presentant quod septem bidentes precii cujuslibet xijd et duo averia precii viijs qui fuerunt Rogeri de Harewode qui obiit inventi fuerunt in Aleyntoftes per wardam factam sine agistamento, unde Abbas de Whiteby respondebit.
Item presentant quod x bidentes precii cujuslibet xijd qui fuerunt Ade le Stirkhird inventi fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam, unde idem Adam respondebit.
William Jurour (for this Richard Jurour, his son and heir, is respon- sible), two horses worth 10s, the property of the late Ingram the forester. There were also found there three pigs worth 6s, the pro- perty of Nicholas, the son of R ichard, for which his successor, John, the son of Walter, is responsible ; three pigs worth 6s, the property of Thomas de Collom, for which his successors, John de Dalton and John de Malton, are responsible ; in Allantofts six cattle worth 4s apiece, the property of Walter, the son of Lucy, for which Alexander de Bergh is responsible ; seven sheep worth is apiece and two cattle worth 8s, the property of the late Roger de Harwood, for which the Abbot of Whitby is responsible ; ten sheep worth is apiece, the property of
COUCIIER BOOK. 53
Item presentant quod xvj boves precii cujuslibet vs qui fuerunt Roberti filii Willelmi ad portam inventi fuerunt in Aleyntoftes per wardam factam sine agistamento, unde Robertus Wyern tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Roberti Wyern nuper unius viridarii et Johannes de Irton tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Willelmi [? de Irton] nuper alterius viridarii respondebunt.
Item presentant quod xvij bestie precii cujuslibet iiijs et vj porci precii cujuslibet ijs inventi fuerunt in Langedon per wardam factam unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis foreste respondebunt etc.
Item presentant quod xxiiij boves precii cujuslibet vs qui fuerunt Willelmi de Everle qui obiit inventi fuerunt in prato de Dalby post fenum abductum per wardam factam, unde Robertus Bercarius de Ellerburn et Johannes Nebard plegii ipsius Willelmi respondebunt.
Item presentant quod duo boves precii cujuslibet iiijs qui fuerunt Rogeri de Morpath qui obiit inventi fuerunt in dominicis domini per wardam factam, uncle Willelmus Plays miles tenens terrarum et tene- mentorum que fuerunt ipsius Rogeri respondebit.
Item presentant quod quinque porci precii xs qui fuerunt Laurencii Forester qui obiit inventi fuerunt in parco de Blandeby tempore pannagii non agistati unde David de Neuton filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Laurencii respondebit.
Item presentant quod viij porci precii cujuslibet ijs qui fuerunt Godardi Forester qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem tempore pannagii non agistati, unde iidem tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis respondebunt.
Adam the Stirkhird, and sixteen oxen worth 5s apiece, the'property of Robert, son of William at the Gate, for which Robert de Wyern and John de Irton respectively successors of the late verderers Robert de Wyern and William de Irton, are responsible ; in Langdale seventeen beasts worth 4s apiece and six pigs worth 2s apiece, for which the successors of Richard de Skelton are responsible ; in Dalby Meadow twenty-four oxen worth 4s apiece, the property of William de Everley, for which his sureties, Robert Shepherd, of Ellerburn, and John Nebard are responsible ; in the Earl's demesnes two oxen worth 4s apiece, the property of the late Roger de Morpath, for which Sir William Plays is responsible ; in Blansby Park five pigs worth 10s, the property of the late Laurence the forester, for which his son and heir, David de Newton,* is responsible, and eight pigs worth 2s apiece, the property of the late Godard the forester, for which the successors of Richard de Skelton are responsible; as also for six sheep found within * He was also a forester, see Vol. II., N.S., pp. 53 and 148.
54 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Item presentant quod vj bidentes que fuerunt Matillidis Prat que obiit invente fuerunt infra coopertum cum warda facta sine agistamento precii cujuslibet xijd, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod cc bidentes invente fuerunt in dominicis de Langedon que devenerunt ad manus Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis istius foreste qui obiit, precii cujuslibet xijd, unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Ricardi respondebunt.
Item presentant quod xxvij bidentes que fuerunt Petri de Sartrino qui obiit invente fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam precii cujuslibet xijd, unde Adam Alius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Petri respondebit.
[272] Item presentant quod vj bidentes que fuerunt Willelmi filii Willelmi filii Ivette de Aton qui obiit invente fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam, precii vjs, unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt predicti Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis respondebunt.
Item presentant quod lxxxvj boves matrices que fuerunt Roberti filii Beatricis qui obiit invente fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam precii cujuslibet xijd, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod c bidentes que fuerunt Rogeri filii Johannis de Selfhou qui obiit invente fuerunt in Foulwode per wardam factam precii cs, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod iiij bidentes que fuerunt Ade hominis Petri de Sartrino qui obiit invente fuerunt in dominicis de Langedon per wardam factam precii cujuslibet xijd, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod quinquaginta bidentes que fuerunt Radulphi Prest de Suthfeld invente fuerunt in Haia de Scalby per wardam factam precii xs* unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
the covert worth is apiece, the property of Matilda Prat, and 200 sheep worth is apiece, which were found in the demesne lands of Dalby and came to the hands of Richard de Skelton.
There were found in the demesne lands of Dalby twenty-seven sheep worth Is apiece, the property of the late Peter de Sarterye,f for which his son and heir, Adam, is responsible, and six sheep worth 6s, the pro- perty of William, the son of William, the son of Ivetta of Ayton deceased, and eighty-six ewes worth Is apiece, the property of the late William, son of Beatrice, for which the successors of Richard de Skelton are responsible ; as also for 100 sheep worth ^5, found in Falwood, the property of the late Roger, son of John of Silpho, four sheep worth Is apiece, found in the demesnes of Langdale, the property of Adam, the man of Peter de Sarterye, and fifty sheep worth 10s found in Scalby Hay,
* This, if correct, is one-fifth of what we should expect t See Vol. II., N.S., p. 147'
COUCHER BOOK. 55
Item presentant quod quadraginta multonum que [sic] fuerunt pre- ceptoris de Foukebrigg invente fuerunt infra dominicum de Dalby per wardam factam precii xls, unde Prior Hospitalis Sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia respondebit.
Item presentant quod 1. bidentes villate de Calthorn invente fuerunt in dominicis domini per wardam factam precii v11, unde villata predicta de Calthorn respondebit de precio predicto.
Item presentant quod tres porci precii vjs et tres porcelli precii ix.d qui fuerunt Margarete del Dales que obiit inventi fuerunt in dominicis de Langedon per wardam factam, unde Johannes de Helmeswell tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Margarete respondebit.
Item presentant quod vij hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt Ade le Rede de Egton qui obiit inventi fuerunt in Aleyntoftes tempore pannagii sine agistamento precii vijs, unde Ricardus le Rede filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Ade respondebit.
Item presentant quod iiij porci qui fuerunt Johannis de Brokeseye qui obiit inventi fuerunt in Langedon per wardam factam precii viijs, unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Roberti de Wyem et Willelmi de Irton nuper viridariorum respondebunt.
Item presentant quod unum jumentum quod fuit Roberti servientis domine de Salden qui obiit inventum fuit in Langedon per wardam factam precii vs, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respon- debunt.
Item presentant quod unus equus qui fuit Radulphi Pycot qui obiit inventus fuit in Langedon per wardam factam precii iiijs, unde iidem tenentes eorundem viridariorum respondebunt.
Item presentant quod xx porci qui fuerunt Roberti ad ecclesiam de
the property of Ralph Prest of Suffield ; within the demesne of Dalby, forty wethers worth 40s, the property of the Preceptor of Foulbridge, for which the Prior of the Hospital of St. John is responsible ; in the Earl's demesnes fifty sheep worth £,$, the property of the township of Cawthorn ; in the demesnes of Langdale, three pigs worth 6s, and three young pigs worth 9d, the property of the late Margaret del Dales, for which John de Helmeswell is responsible ; in Allantofts, seven hogs worth 7s, the property of the late Alan le Rede of Egton, for which Richard le Rede, his son and heir, is responsible.
The successors of the former verderers are responsible for the following, namely : in Langedale, four pigs worth 8s, the property of the late John de Broxa, a mare worth 5s, the property of Robert, the late servant of the Lady of Sawdon, a horse worth 4s, the property of the late Ralph Pycot. There were found in the demesne of Langdale,
56 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Brunston [272b] qui obiit inventi fuerunt in dominicis de Langedon tempore pannagii sine agistamento precii xls, unde Johannes Haylard et Stephanus Lambson tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Roberti respondebunt.
Item presentant quod unus pullanus abductus fuit per Lille de Suth- feld qui obiit inventus fuit in Haia de Scalby per wardam factam. Ideo ipse in misericordia. Unde Nicholaus Lille films ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Lille respondebit.
Item presentant quod xxv bidentes que fuerunt Willelmi filii Willelmi de Suthfeld qui obiit invente fuerunt in Haia de Scalby per wardam factam precii cujuslibet xijd, unde iidem tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt predicti Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis respondebunt.
Item presentant quod iij bidentes que fuerunt Nalle atte Cote invente fuerunt ibidem per wardam factam precii iijs, unde eadem Nalle respon- debit.
Item presentant quod iij porci qui fuerunt Radulphi Frost qui obiit inventi fuerunt ibidem mense defenso sine agistamento precii vjs, unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Ricardi de Shelton respondebunt.
Item presentant quod unus pullanus qui fuit Galfridi de Lith qui obiit inventus fuit in Haia de Dalby per wardam factam precii xviijd, unde Johanna que fuit uxor ejusdem Galfridi et executrix testamenti ipsius Galfridi respondebit.
Item presentant quod unus pullanus qui fuit Willelmi Forestarii qui obiit inventus fuit ibidem per wardam factam precii xviijd, unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Ricardi de Shelton nuper custodis respondebunt.
twenty pigs worth £2, the property of the late Robert at Church of Burniston, for which John Haylard and Stephen Lambson are respon- sible. A colt found in Scalby was carried off by Lille of Suffield, for which Nicolas Lille, his son and heir, is responsible.
There were found in Scalby Hay twenty-five sheep worth is apiece, the property of the late William, son of William of Suffield, for which the successors of Richard de Skelton are responsible, three sheep worth 3s, the property of Nelly [?] at Cote, and three pigs worth 6s, the property of the late Ralph Frost, for which the successors of Richard de Skelton are responsible ; in Dalby Hay a colt worth is 6d, the property of the late Geoffrey de Lith, for which Joan his widow and executrix is responsible ; two colts each worth is 6d, one the property of William the late forester, and the other of the late vicar of Ellerburn, for which the successors of Richard de Skelton are responsible, and a
COUCHER BOOK. 57
Item presentant quod unus pullanus qui fuit vicarii de Ellerburn qui obiit inventus fuit ibidem per wardam factam precii xviijd, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod unus pullanus qui fuit Roberti del Clyf qui obiit inventus fuit ibidem per wardam factam precii xviijd, unde Ber- nardus de Bergh et Willelmus Latymer nuper viridarii respondebunt.
Item presentant quod iiij porci qui fuerunt Galfridi filii Bartholomei qui obiit inventi fuerunt in Langedon per wardam factam precii viijs, unde Bartholomeus filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenemen- torum que fuerunt ipsius Galfridi respondebit.
Item presentant quod iij equi qui fuerunt Galfridi Hogherd de Mar- desdon qui obiit inventi fuerunt in dominicis de Langedon per wardam factam precii xs, unde Willelmus filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt eorundem viridariorum respondebunt [sic].
Item presentant quod unus pullanus qui fuit Roberti de Killyngton qui obiit inventus fuit in Haia de Scalby per wardam factam precii ijs, unde Willelmus filius ejus et heres tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Roberti respondebit.
Item presentant quod una sus que fuit Adam Staumpes qui obiit inventa fuit in dominicis de Langedon per wardam factam, unde Robertus et Johannes [273] filii ejus et heredes* tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Alani [sic] respondebunt.
Item presentant quod duo equi qui fuerunt Hugonis de Heybourn qui obiit inventi fuerunt infra dominicum per wardam factam precii xs, unde Radulphus de Cloghton tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Hugonis respondebit.
Item presentant quod septem staggi qui fuerunt Prions de Malton inventi fuerunt in Aleyntoftes per wardam factam precii xxiiijs, unde idem Prior respondebit.
colt also worth is 6d, the property of the late Robert del Clif, for which the late verderers, Bernard de Bergh and William Latimer are responsible ; in Langdale, four pigs worth 8s, the property of Geoffrey, son of Bartholomew, for which Bartholomew, his son and heir, is responsible, and three horses worth 10s, the property of the late Geoffrey Hogherd of Mardesdon in Scalby Hay ; a colt worth 2s, the property of Robert de Killington, for which William, his son and heir, is responsible ; in the demesnes of Langdale, a sow, the property of the late Adam [? Alan] Stamps, for which his sons and heirs, Robert and John, are responsible ; within the demesne, two horses worth 10s, the property of the late Hugh de Hayburn, for which Ralph de Cloughton is respon- sible ; in Allantofts, seven young horses worth £,\ 4s, the property of * This is worthy of note as evidencing the custom of gavelkind.
58 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
Item presentant quod novem porci qui fuerunt Prions de Bridlington inventi fuerunt in Haia. de Scalby mense defenso sine agistamento precii xviijs, unde idem Prior respondebit.
Item presentant quod c bidentes que fuerunt Alani de Billaclif qui obiit inventi fuerunt in Haia de Scalby noctanter precii cs, unde iidem tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt predicti Ricardi de Shelton* respondebunt.
Item presentant quod duo porci qui fuerunt Prions de Bridlyngton inventi fuerunt ibidem mense defenso sine agistamento, precii iiijs, unde idem Prior respondebit.
Item presentant quod 1 bidentes qui fuerunt Nicholai filii Ricardi Hert qui obiit inventi fuerunt in dominicis domini per wardam factam precii xls, unde Ricardus Russel tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Nicholai respondebit.
Item presentant quod unus equus qui fuit Adam [? Alani] filii Ricardi de Wrelton inventus fuit in dominicis de Dalby per wardam factam precii xld. Ideo idem Alanus respondebit.
Item presentant quod quatuor porci precii viijs et sex hoggi precii vjs qui fuerunt Magistri de Staynton infra coopertum inventi fuerunt mense defenso sine agistamento, unde Prior Hospitalis sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia respondebit.
Item presentant quod unus equus qui fuit Galfridi Joperel qui obiit inventus fuit in Aleyntoftes per wardam factam precii ijs unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Willelmi Leure nuper custodis respondebunt.
Item presentant quod quatuor hoggi porcorum inventi fuerunt in
the Prior of Malton ; in Scalby Hay, nine pigs worth 18s, the property of the Prior of Bridlington, ioo sheep worth £$, found at night, the property of the late Alan de Billaclif, for which the successors of Richard de Skelton are responsible, and two pigs worth 4s, the property of the Prior of Bridlington ; in the Earl's demesne, fifty sheep worth £2, the property of the late Nicholas, son of Richard Hart, for which Richard Russell is responsible ; in the demesnes of Dalby, a horse worth 3s 4d, the property of Alan, son of Richard de Wrelton ; within the covert four pigs worth 8s, and six hogs worth 6s, the property of the Master of Stainton, for which the Prior of the Knights Hospitallers is respon- sible ; in Allantofts, a horse worth 2s, the property of the late Geoffrey Joperell, for which the successors of William L'Eure, late keeper, are responsible, as also for four hogs worth 2s, found in Scalby Hay ; in Allantofts, five cattle worth jQi, the property of the late Thomas le
* He is called Shelton not Skelton in the appointment of him. Pat. Roll 28, Ed. I., m. 8, to levy men for Scotch expedition.
COUCHER BOOK. 59
Haia de Scalby per wardam factam precii ijs, unde iidem tenentes respondebunt.
Item presentant quod v averia que fuerunt Thome le Man qui obiit inventa fuerunt in Aleyntoftes per wardam factam precii xxs, unde tenentes terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Thome respondebunt.
Item presentant quod vij porci qui fuerunt Roberti de Beverle qui obiit inventi fuerunt infra coopertum mense defenso sine agistamento precii vijs. unde Johannes Meaux* tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Roberti respondebit.
Item presentant quod v hoggi porcorum qui fuerunt predicti Roberti qui obiit inventi fuerunt infra coopertum mense defenso sine agistamento precii vs, unde idem Johannes tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsius Roberti respondebit.
Item presentant quod anno regni domini E. patris domini Regis nunc quarto sex boves et due vacce que fuerunt persone de Lastingham precii xxxs, et tres boves et unum stirk qui fuerunt Henrici le Wodeward precii xjs viijd, et una [273b] bovetta que fuit Philippi le forester precii iiijs, et unum stirk quod fuit Walteri filii Willelmi precii xxd, et duo boves qui fuerunt Galfridi filii Hugonis precii viijs, et una vacca, duo boves et unus vitulus qui fuerunt Walteri Bateman precii xijs iiijd, et iij boves qui fuerunt Hugonis filii Galfridi precii xijs, et x boves, iiij vacce et tria stirks qui fuerunt Roberti de Duuethweyt precii lvijs, et iij boves qui fuerunt Willelmi de Duuethweyt precii xijs, et unum stirk quod fuit Willelmi filii Roberti de Duuethweyt precii xxd, et unus bos qui fuit Agnetis de Spaunton precii iiijs, et tres boves qui fuerunt Walteri de Duuethweyt precii xijs, et tres boves et una vacca qui fuerunt Johannis
Man ; within the covert seven pigs and five hogs worth 7s and 5s respectively, the property of the late Robert de Beverley, for which John Meaux is responsible.
In the year 13 10 to 13 n six oxen and two cows worth £1 10s, the property of the Rector of Lastingham, three oxen and a stirk worth 1 Is 8d, the property of Henry the woodward, a heifer worth 4s, the property of Philip the forester, a stirk Is 8d, of Walter, the son of William, two oxen, of Geoffrey, son 8s of Hugh, a cow, two oxen, and a calf 12s 4d, of Walter Bateman, three oxen 12s, of Hugh, son of Geoffrey, ten oxen, four cows, and three stirks £2 17s, of Robert de Dowthweyt, three oxen 12s, of William de Dowthweyt, a stirk Is 8d, of William, son of Robert de Dowthweyt, an ox 4s, of Agnes de Spaunton, three oxen 12s, of Walter de Dowthweyt, three oxen and a cow 15s, of John de Hutton in the Hole, a mare 3s, of Walter of the * See Vol. II., N.S., Introduction, p. xxvii.
60 DUCHY OF LANCASTER RECORDS.
de Heton Underhegh precii xvs, et unum jumentum quod fuit Walteri de Mora de Hoton precii iijs, et v boves et unum stirk qui fuerunt Johannis Moryng de Duuethweyt precii xxjs iijd, et tres boves et una vacca que fuerunt Willelmi Overwater precii xixs, et tres boves due vacce et duo vituli qui fuerunt Stephani Dryng precii xxjs iiija, et duo boves qui fuerunt Stephani filii Rose precii viijs, et tres boves et una vacca qui fuerunt Willelmi filii Benedicti precii xvs, et iiij boves qui fuerunt Willelmi filii ejus precii xvjs, et iiij boves qui fuerunt Roberti filii Benedicti precii xvjs, et iiij boves qui fuerunt Willelmi de Eppelby precii xvjs, et unus bos et unum stirk qui fuerunt Willelmi Westiby precii vs viijd, et una vacca que fuit Roberti Rodbrayth precii iijs, et tres boves, una vacca et unum stirk qui fuerunt Willelmi filii Johannis precii xvjs viijd, et duo boves qui fuerunt Stephani del Hill precii viijs, et unus bos qui fuit Elene Cokerel precii iiijs, et tres boves qui fuerunt Willelmi filii Thome precii xijs, et v boves qui fuerunt Johannis de Spaunton precii xxs, et tres boves qui faerunt Alicie filie Stephani precii xijs, et iij boves et una vacca qui fuerunt Willelmi Northiby precii xixs, et duo stirks que fuerunt Willelmi Couper precii iijs iiijd, et unum stirk quod fuit Thome filii Cecilie precii xxd, et v boves et v stirks qui fuerunt hominum villate de Marton precii xxviijs iiijd, inventi fuerunt in foresta ista in alta mora in dominicis domini juxta Lefhou per wardam factam que forisfaciuntur domino precii predicti. Ideo quilibet eorum respondebit pro precio averiorum suorum. Postea testatum est per ministros predictos quod averia predicta liberata fuerunt
Moor of Hutton, five oxen and a stirk £i is 3d, of John Moryng of Dowthweyt, three oxen and a cow i9s,vof William Overwater, three oxen, two cows, and two calves £1 is 4d, of Stephen Dryng, two oxen 8s, of Stephen, son of Rose, three oxen and a cow 15s, of William, son of Benet, four oxen 16s, of William his son, four oxen 16s, of Robert, son of Benet, four oxen 16s, of William de Appleby, an ox and a stirk 5s 8d, of William Westby, a cow 3s, of Robert Rodbrayth, three oxen, a cow, and a stirk 16s 8d, of William, son of John, two oxen 8s, of Stephen del Hill, an ox 4s, of Helen Cokerell, three oxen 12s, of William, son of Thomas, five oxen £1, of John de Spaunton, three oxen 12s, of Alice, daughter of Stephen, three oxen and a cow 19s, of William Northby, two stirks 3s 4d, of William Couper, one stirk Is 8d, of Thomas, son of Cecilia, five oxen and five stirks £1 8s 4d, of the men of the township of Marton, were found on the High Moor, in the forest in the Earl's demesnes near Leaf Howe on making ward, which are forfeited